This plant list has been compiled by the stated observer(s) and been provided to NZPCN for public use in good faith. NZPCN cannot guarantee that data contained in these lists are up to date or accurate. Most species lists are not corroborated with herbarium specimens. Note, species lists are not typically an exhaustive presence/absence survey of an area and often may focus on a single habitat or only contain species visible at a particular time of year (for example, spring annual herbs may go unobserved during much of the year). These lists should not be solely relied on for the purpose of assessing environmental effects or for preparing restoration plans - for this work a site visit is critical.

Site name: Rakaia Gorge (RKIA)

Source/Observer: Graeme Jane

Number of observations: 223

District: Selwyn District

Date: 01/01/1986

SpeciesStructural classConservation statusNative/Exotic
Acaena anserinifolia
(bidibid, hutiwai, piripiri)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Acer pseudoplatanus
(sycamore)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsExotic
Achillea millefolium
(yarrow)
Herbs - Dicotyledonous compositesExotic
Aciphylla aurea
(golden spaniard, golden speargrass)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Aciphylla subflabellata
(speargrass)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesAt Risk – DecliningNative
Adiantum cunninghamii
(common maidenhair, Cunningham's maidenhair)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative
Agrostis capillaris
(browntop)
GrassesExotic
Aira caryophyllea subsp. caryophyllea
(silvery hair grass)
GrassesExotic
Anogramma leptophylla
(Jersey fern, annual fern)
FernsThreatened – Nationally VulnerableNative
Anthosachne scabra
(blue wheat grass)
GrassesExotic
Anthosachne solandri
(native wheatgrass, blue wheatgrass)
GrassesNot ThreatenedNative
Anthoxanthum odoratum
(sweet vernal)
GrassesExotic
Anthriscus caucalis
(beaked parsley, bur parsley)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Arenaria serpyllifolia
(Sandwort)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Aristotelia serrata
(makomako, wineberry)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Arthropodium candidumHerbs - MonocotsNot ThreatenedNative
Asplenium appendiculatum subsp. appendiculatum
(ground spleenwort)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative
Asplenium bulbiferum
(hen and chicken fern, pikopiko, mother spleenwort)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative
Asplenium flabellifolium
(butterfly fern, walking fern, necklace fern)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative
Asplenium flaccidum
(drooping spleenwort, hanging spleenwort)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative
Asplenium gracillimum
(hen & chicken fern)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative
Asplenium hookerianum var. hookerianum
(Hooker's spleenwort)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative
Asplenium trichomanes
(spleenwort)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative
Astelia fragrans
(bush flax, bush lily, kakaha)
Herbs - MonocotsNot ThreatenedNative
Austroblechnum lanceolatum
(lance fern, nini, rereti)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative
Austroblechnum penna-marina subsp. alpina
(little hard fern, alpine hard fern)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative
Brachyglottis bellidioides var. bellidioidesHerbs - Dicotyledonous compositesNot ThreatenedNative
Bromus diandrus
(ripgut brome)
GrassesExotic
Bromus hordeaceus
(soft brome)
GrassesExotic
Bromus sterilis
(barren brome)
GrassesExotic
Calystegia tuguriorum
(climbing convolvulus, NZ bindweed)
Lianes & Related Trailing Plants - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Carex breviculmis
(grassland sedge)
SedgesNot ThreatenedNative
Carex coriacea
(cutty grass, rautahi)
SedgesNot ThreatenedNative
Carex cyanea
(hook sedge)
SedgesAt Risk – DecliningNative
Carex dissita
(forest sedge)
SedgesNot ThreatenedNative
Carex forsteri
(Forster's sedge)
SedgesNot ThreatenedNative
Carex healyi
(harsh-leaved bastard grass, hook sedge)
SedgesNot ThreatenedNative
Carex virgata
(swamp sedge, pukio, toitoi, toetoe)
SedgesNot ThreatenedNative
Carmichaelia australis
(common broom)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Carmichaelia petriei
(desert broom)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsAt Risk – DecliningNative
Carpodetus serratus
(marbleleaf, putaputawētā, piripiriwhata)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Centaurium erythraea
(centaury)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgareHerbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Chionochloa rigida subsp. rigida
(narrow-leaved snow tussock)
GrassesNot ThreatenedNative
Cirsium arvense
(Californian thistle)
Herbs - Dicotyledonous compositesExotic
Cirsium palustre
(marsh thistle)
Herbs - Dicotyledonous compositesExotic
Cirsium vulgare
(Scotch thistle)
Herbs - Dicotyledonous compositesExotic
Clematis foetida
(clematis)
Lianes & Related Trailing Plants - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Clematis paniculata
(white clematis, puawananga)
Lianes & Related Trailing Plants - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Conium maculatum
(hemlock)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Coprosma crassifoliaTrees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Coprosma linariifolia
(mikimiki, yellow wood)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Coprosma lucida
(karamū, shining karamū)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Coprosma petriei
(Turfy coprosma)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Coprosma propinqua var. propinqua
(mingimingi)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Coprosma rigidaTrees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Coprosma rotundifoliaTrees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Cordyline australis
(cabbage tree, tī, tī kōuka, palm lily)
Trees & Shrubs - MonocotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Coriaria sarmentosaTrees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Corokia cotoneaster
(korokio, wire-nettting bush)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Corybas macranthus
(silver-back spider orchid)
OrchidsNot ThreatenedNative
Corybas trilobus
(spider orchid)
OrchidsNot ThreatenedNative
Cotoneaster franchetii
(cotoneaster, Franchet's cotoneaster)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsExotic
Cranfillia deltoides
(korokio, mountain hard fern)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative
Cranfillia fluviatilis
(kiwikiwi, kiwakiwa, creek fern)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative
Crassula sieberianaHerbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Crepis capillaris
(hawksbeard)
Herbs - Dicotyledonous compositesExotic
Cynosurus cristatus
(crested dogstail)
GrassesExotic
Cytisus scoparius
(wild broom)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsExotic
Dactylis glomerata
(cocksfoot)
GrassesExotic
Deschampsia chapmaniiGrassesNot ThreatenedNative
Dianthus armeria
(Deptford pink)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Dichondra repens
(Mercury Bay weed, dichondra)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Digitalis purpurea
(foxglove)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Discaria toumatou
(matagouri, tūmatakuru)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsAt Risk – DecliningNative
Dryopteris filix-mas
(male fern)
FernsExotic
Echinopogon ovatus
(forest hedgehog grass, hedgehog grass)
GrassesNot ThreatenedNative
Epilobium angustum
(willowherb)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesAt Risk – Naturally UncommonNative
Epilobium brunnescens subsp. brunnescens
(creeping willowherb)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Epilobium chlorifolium
(mountain willowherb)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Epilobium microphyllum
(willowherb)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Epilobium nerteroides
(willowherb)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Epilobium pedunculare
(willowherb)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Euchiton audax
(creeping cudweed)
Herbs - Dicotyledonous compositesNot ThreatenedNative
Euchiton limosusHerbs - Dicotyledonous compositesNot ThreatenedNative
Euchiton sphaericusHerbs - Dicotyledonous compositesNot ThreatenedNative
Festuca bromoides
(vulpia hair grass, brome fescue, squirrel-tailed fescue)
GrassesExotic
Festuca filiformisGrassesExotic
Festuca novae-zelandiae
(fescue tussock, hard tussock)
GrassesNot ThreatenedNative
Festuca rubra subsp. rubra
(red fescue)
GrassesExotic
Fuchsia excorticata
(kōtukutuku, tree fuchsia)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Fuchsia perscandens
(scrambling fuchsia)
Lianes & Related Trailing Plants - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Fuscospora solandri
(black beech, tawhairauriki)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Galium aparine
(cleavers)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Galium divaricatum
(slender bedstraw)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Gamochaeta purpureaHerbs - Dicotyledonous compositesExotic
Gastrodia cunninghamii
(black orchid, black potato orchid, perei)
OrchidsNot ThreatenedNative
Gentianella bellidifolia
(gentian)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Geranium molle
(dove's foot cranesbill)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Griselinia littoralis
(broadleaf, kāpuka, papauma)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Haloragis erecta subsp. erecta
(toatoa, fire weed, shrubby haloragis)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Helichrysum lanceolatumTrees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Helichrysum simpsoniiTrees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Hieracium lepidulum
(tussock hawkweed)
Herbs - Dicotyledonous compositesExotic
Hoheria angustifolia
(narrow-leaved houhere)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Holcus lanatus
(Yorkshire fog)
GrassesExotic
Hordeum murinum subsp. murinum
(barley grass)
GrassesExotic
Hydrocotyle heteromeria
(waxweed, waxweed pennywort)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Hydrocotyle moschata var. moschata
(hairy pennywort)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Hypochaeris radicata
(catsear)
Herbs - Dicotyledonous compositesExotic
Hypolepis ambiguaFernsNot ThreatenedNative
Hypolepis millefolium
(thousand leaved fern)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative
Juncus bufonius var. bufonius
(toad rush)
Rushes & Allied PlantsExotic
Juncus edgariae
(wiwi, Edgar's rush)
Rushes & Allied PlantsNot ThreatenedNative
Kunzea ericoides
(kānuka)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsThreatened – Nationally VulnerableNative
Landoltia punctata
(purple-backed duckweed)
Herbs - MonocotsExotic
Lapsana communis
(nipplewort)
Herbs - Dicotyledonous compositesExotic
Leptinella squalida subsp. medianaHerbs - Dicotyledonous compositesNot ThreatenedNative
Leptostigma setulosumHerbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Leucanthemum vulgare
(oxeye daisy)
Herbs - Dicotyledonous compositesExotic
Libertia ixioides
(mikoikoi, NZ iris)
Herbs - MonocotsNot ThreatenedNative
Linum catharticum
(purging flax)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Lolium arundinaceum subsp. arundinaceum
(tall fescue)
GrassesExotic
Lolium perenne
(perennial rye grass)
GrassesExotic
Lophomyrtus obcordata
(rōhutu)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsThreatened – Nationally CriticalNative
Lupinus arboreus
(tree lupin)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsExotic
Luzula banksiana var. migrata
(woodrush)
Rushes & Allied PlantsNot ThreatenedNative
Luzula congestaRushes & Allied PlantsExotic
Lysimachia arvensis subsp. arvensis var. arvensis
(pimpernel)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Marrubium vulgare
(horehound)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Matricaria discoidea
(rayless chamomile)
Herbs - Dicotyledonous compositesExotic
Medicago lupulina
(black medick)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Melicope simplex
(poataniwha)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Melicytus alpinus
(porcupine shrub)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Mentha cunninghamii
(New Zealand mint, hīoi)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesAt Risk – DecliningNative
Microtis unifolia
(onion-leaved orchid, microtis)
OrchidsNot ThreatenedNative
Muehlenbeckia australis
(pōhuehue, large-leaved muehlenbeckia)
Lianes & Related Trailing Plants - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Muehlenbeckia complexa var. complexa
(small-leaved pōhuehue, scrub pōhuehue, wire vine)
Lianes & Related Trailing Plants - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Muehlenbeckia ephedroidesLianes & Related Trailing Plants - DicotyledonsThreatened – Nationally VulnerableNative
Mycelis muralis
(wall lettuce)
Herbs - Dicotyledonous compositesExotic
Myosotis laxa subsp. caespitosa
(water forget-me-not)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Myrsine divaricata
(weeping matipo, weeping mapou)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Nasturtium officinale
(Watercress)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Olearia avicenniifolia
(mountain akeake)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Olearia paniculata
(akiraho, golden akeake)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Ophioglossum coriaceum
(adder's tongue)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative
Orobanche minor
(broomrape)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Oxalis exilis
(creeping oxalis, yellow oxalis)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Ozothamnus leptophyllus
(tauhinu)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Paesia scaberula
(lace fern, ring fern, scented fern, pig fern)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative
Parablechnum novae-zelandiae
(kiokio, horokio, palm leaf fern)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative
Parablechnum procerum
(small kiokio)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative
Parsonsia capsularis var. capsularis
(New Zealand jasmine, small flowered jasmine)
Lianes & Related Trailing Plants - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Pentapogon crinitus
(long-hair plume grass)
GrassesNot ThreatenedNative
Phormium cookianum subsp. cookianum
(mountain flax, wharariki)
Herbs - MonocotsNot ThreatenedNative
Phormium tenax
(flax, harakeke, kōrari (Māori name for inflorescence).)
Herbs - MonocotsNot ThreatenedNative
Pilosella officinarum
(hawkweed, mouse-ear hawkweed)
Herbs - Dicotyledonous compositesExotic
Pilosella praealta
(king devil)
Herbs - Dicotyledonous compositesExotic
Pinus pinaster
(cluster pine)
Trees & Shrubs - GymnospermsExotic
Pinus radiata
(Monterey pine, radiata pine)
Trees & Shrubs - GymnospermsExotic
Pittosporum tenuifolium
(kohukohu, kōhūhū, black matipo)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Plantago lanceolata
(narrow-leaved plantain)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Plantago major
(broad-leaved plantain)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Poa annua
(annual poa)
GrassesExotic
Poa breviglumisGrassesNot ThreatenedNative
Poa cita
(silver tussock)
GrassesNot ThreatenedNative
Poa colensoi
(blue tussock)
GrassesNot ThreatenedNative
Poa imbecilla
(weak poa)
GrassesNot ThreatenedNative
Poa matthewsiiGrassesNot ThreatenedNative
Polystichum neozelandicum subsp. zerophyllum
(shield fern)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative
Polystichum vestitum
(punui, prickly shield fern)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative
Populus nigra
(Lombardy poplar)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsExotic
Prunella vulgaris
(self-heal)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsExotic
Prunus serotina
(rum cherry, wild black cherry)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsExotic
Pseudopanax arboreus
(fivefinger, five finger, whauwhaupaku)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Pseudopanax colensoi var. colensoi
(mountain fivefinger, three finger)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Pseudopanax crassifolius
(horoeka, lancewood)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Pseudopanax ferox
(fierce lancewood)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsAt Risk – Naturally UncommonNative
Pseudotsuga menziesii
(Douglas fir, Oregon pine)
Trees & Shrubs - GymnospermsExotic
Pteridium esculentum
(bracken, rarauhe, bracken fern)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative
Pterostylis areolata
(greenhood)
OrchidsNot ThreatenedNative
Pterostylis banksii
(tutukiwi, greenhood)
OrchidsNot ThreatenedNative
Ranunculus membranifoliusHerbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Ranunculus repens
(buttercup)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Raukaua anomalusTrees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Rosa rubiginosa
(sweet brier)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsExotic
Rubus fruticosus agg.
(blackberry)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsExotic
Rubus schmidelioides var. subpauperatus
(tātarāmoa, bush lawyer, white-leaved lawyer)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Rubus squarrosus
(leafless lawyer, yellow-prickled lawyer)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Rumex acetosella
(sheep's sorrel)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Rumex brownii
(hooked dock)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Rytidosperma gracile
(dainty bristle grass)
GrassesNot ThreatenedNative
Rytidosperma maculatumGrassesData DeficientNative
Rytidosperma penicillatum
(danthonia)
GrassesExotic
Sagina apetala
(pearlwort)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Sambucus nigra
(elder, elderflower, elderberry)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsExotic
Scandia geniculata
(scandia)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Schefflera digitata
(patatē, patē, seven-finger)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Schoenus pauciflorus
(bog rush, sedge tussock)
SedgesNot ThreatenedNative
Senecio quadridentatus
(cotton fireweed, white fireweed, pahokoraka)
Herbs - Dicotyledonous compositesNot ThreatenedNative
Silene coeli-rosaHerbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Silene gallica
(catchfly)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Sisymbrium officinale
(hedge mustard)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Solanum chenopodioides
(velvety nightshade)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Solanum tuberosum
(potato)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Sophora microphylla
(kōwhai, weeping kōwhai, small-leaved kōwhai)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Stellaria gracilenta
(slender chickweed)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Stellaria media subsp. media
(chickweed)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Stellaria parviflora
(New Zealand chickweed)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Styphelia nesophila
(pātōtara, dwarf mingimingi)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Tanacetum parthenium
(feverfew)
Herbs - Dicotyledonous compositesExotic
Trifolium dubium
(suckling clover)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Trifolium pratense
(red clover)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Trifolium repens
(white clover)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Ulex europaeus
(gorse)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsExotic
Verbascum thapsus
(woolly mullein, common mullein)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Veronica salicifolia
(koromiko)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Veronica serpyllifolia
(turf speedwell, thyme-leaved speedwell)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesExotic
Veronica traversii
(hebe)
Trees & Shrubs - DicotyledonsNot ThreatenedNative
Vittadinia australis
(white fuzzweed)
Herbs - Dicotyledonous compositesNot ThreatenedNative
Wahlenbergia albomarginata subsp. albomarginata
(New Zealand harebell, harebell)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Wahlenbergia violacea
(violet harebell)
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than CompositesNot ThreatenedNative
Zealandia pustulata subsp. pustulata
(hound's tongue, kōwaowao, pāraharaha)
FernsNot ThreatenedNative