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  4. Corybas macranthus

Corybas macranthus

Taupiri Valley, Atene, Whanganui River.<br>Photographer: Colin C. Ogle, Date taken: 10/10/2014, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Palliser Bay. Oct 1994.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>.
Remutaka Incline.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 28/10/1994, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Te Kauri Scenic Reserve. 1987.<br>Photographer: Peter J. de Lange, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
Kauaeranga Valley.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 31/10/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Kauaeranga Valley.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 31/10/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Kauaeranga Valley.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 31/10/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Kauaeranga Valley.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 31/10/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Waimahuru Bay, East Cape.<br>Photographer: Mike Thorsen, Date taken: 05/10/2015, Licence: All rights reserved. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Waimahuru Bay, East Cape.<br>Photographer: Mike Thorsen, Date taken: 05/10/2015, Licence: All rights reserved. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Leaf with distinct petiole; in dry, open forest on limestone, near Whanganui.<br>Photographer: Colin C. Ogle, Date taken: 17/11/2018, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Palliser Bay.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 03/10/2009, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Palliser Bay.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 03/10/2009, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Palliser Bay.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 03/10/2009, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
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Common name

silver-back spider orchid

Synonyms

Corysanthes macrantha (Hook.f.) Hook.f.; Nematoceras macranthum Hook.f.

Family

Orchidaceae

Authority

Corybas macranthus (Hook.f.) Rchb.f.,

Flora category

Vascular – Native

Endemic taxon

Yes

Endemic genus

No

Endemic family

No

Structural class

Orchids

NVS code

The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database.

NEMMAC

Chromosome number

2n = 36

Current conservation status

  • Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017

The threat classification status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2017 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) – more information about this can be found on the NZTCS website This report includes a statistical summary and brief notes on changes since 2012 and replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Authors: By Peter J. de Lange, Jeremy R. Rolfe, John W. Barkla, Shannel P. Courtney, Paul D. Champion, Leon R. Perrie, Sarah M. Beadel, Kerry A. Ford, Ilse Breitwieser, Ines Schönberger, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Peter B. Heenan and Kate Ladley. Please note, threat classifications are often suggested by authors when publications fall between NZTCS assessment periods – a suggested threat classification status has not been assessed by the NZTCS panel.

Source: NZTCS and licensed by DOC for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.

2017 | Not Threatened

Previous conservation statuses

2012 | Not Threatened

2009 | Not Threatened

2004 | Not Threatened

Distribution

Endemic. North, South. Stewart, Chatham, Auckland and Campbell Islands

Habitat

Lowland to subalpine (up to 1200 m a.s.l.) usually in damp, shaded to well-lit seepages, or in shaded sites under tall forest or associated with rock overhangs (then often in very dry sites). Favouring base-rich substrates such as calcareous mudstones, siltstones, limestones, dolomite or marble; also on basalt and basaltic-andesites, and soils derived from these.

Wetland plant indicator status rating

Information derived from the revised national wetland plant list prepared to assist councils in delineating and monitoring wetlands (Clarkson et al., 2021 Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research Contract Report LC3975 for Hawke’s Bay Regional Council). The national plant list categorises plants by the extent to which they are found in wetlands and not ‘drylands’. The indicator status ratings are OBL (obligate wetland), FACW (facultative wetland), FAC (facultative), FACU (facultative upland), and UPL (obligate upland).

FACW: Facultative Wetland

Usually is a hydrophyte but occasionally found in uplands (non-wetlands).

Features

Terrestrial, tuberous, spring to summer green perennial forming dense colonies. Plant at flowering 40-100 mm tall. Leaf solitary, distinctly petiolate, petiole hyaline to white, more or less fleshy up to 60 mm long, suberect, ascending; lamina firmly fleshy, up to 40 x 40 mm, mostly green flecked or spotted with purple, or dark green above, silvery green to white beneath, orbicular to oblong-oval, apiculate, base rounded. Floral bract minute, < ovary, narrowly deltoid, initially closely sheathing spreading at flower anthesis. Dorsal sepal mostly shorter than labellum, hyaline yellow-green to greenish-white flecked with crimson or completely wine red, rather long and narrow-lanceolate, acute to shortly acuminate, arching over tubular portion of labellum; lateral sepals dark pink to crimson, filiform, greatly exceeding labellum. Petals similar to lateral sepals but usually much shorter. Labellum completely dark maroon-black or wine red, or dark maroon-black with a greenish throat, auriculate at base, lamina abruptly deflexed, funnelform, broadly expanded all round, margin minutely denticulate with a median apiculus, inner surface rough with short, sharp, retrorse papillae

Manaaki Whenua Online Interactive Key

Key to native orchids of New Zealand

Similar taxa

The stout, fleshy leaf which is usually held up above the flower, and widely flaring trumpet shaped dark maroon-black or wine red labellum, and very narrowly lanceolate dorsal sepal distinguish this species from all except the little known Corybas papillosus. Corybas papillosus differs from C. macranthus mainly by its bicoloured labellum (dark red to purple-red in the upper half, pale pink grading through to whitish in the lower half).

Flowering

September - January

Flower colours

Red/Pink, Yellow

Fruiting

October - February

Propagation technique

Difficult - should not be removed from the wild. Can be grown in basic orchid mix consists of 2 parts medium coarse sand, ideally clean river sand; 2 parts soil, humus or leaf-mould; 1 part weathered sawdust or rotting wood; 1 part granulated bark. Many Corybas thrive when more leaf-mould is added, and the plants grown in 50-70% shade, in the cooler, darker end of the shade-house, in pots kept moist throughout the growing period.

Etymology

corybas: Helmet flower

Where To Buy

Not commercially available

TAXONOMIC NOTES

Considerable research is underway to investigate the validity of the segregate genera split from Corybas R.Br. by Jones et al. (2002). Whilst much of that work has yet to be published, on advice from Australian Orchidologists Peter Weston and Stephen Hopper (pers. comm., July 2011, November 2014), all of the segregate genera recognised for New Zealand by Jones et al. (2002) are returned to Corybas.

Recently Lehnebach (2016) has made three combinations for those Nematoceras lacking valid names in Corybas. This action now enables the full transfer of Nematoceras back to Corybas. However, as of writing, a formal publication rejecting the segregation of Corybas by Jones et al. (2002) has yet to be published. Lehnebach cites an unpublished PhD (Lyon 2014) that indicates this move is imminent.

Attribution

Fact Sheet prepared for NZPCN by P.J. de Lange 14 April 2007. Description adapted from Moore and Edgar (1970).

References and further reading

Jones, D.L.; Clements, M.A.; Sharma, I.K.; Mackenzie, A.M.; Molloy, B.P.J. 2002: Nomenclatural notes arising from studies into the Tribe Diurideae (Orchidaceae). The Orchadian 13: 437-468.

Lehnebach, C. 2016: New combinations and a replacement name for three New Zealand spider orchids (Corybas). The New Zealand Native Orchid Journal 139. 4-5.

Lyon, S. P. 2014: Molecular systematics, biogeography, and mycorrhizal associations in the Acianthinae (Orchidaceae), with a focus on the genus Corybas. PhD Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison. USA.

Moore, L.B.; Edgar, E. 1970: Flora of New Zealand. Vol. II. Government Printer, Wellington.

NZPCN Fact Sheet citation

Please cite as: de Lange, P.J. (Year at time of access): Corybas macranthus Fact Sheet (content continuously updated). New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/corybas-macranthus/ (Date website was queried)

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