Corybas hatchii
Common names
spider orchid
Biostatus
Native
Category
Vascular
Structural class
Orchids
Flower colours
Red/Pink, White
Detailed description
Colonial, terrestrial, tuberous, glabrous, late winter to summer-green herb. Plant at flowering to 60 mm tall. Tuberoids globose to ellipsoid on extended roots. Leaf solitary, fleshy, shortly petiolate, 5–10 mm long; lamina 15–28 × 11–20 mm long, oval, orbicular, sometimes pandurate, apiculate, rounded to cordate at base; green to yellow green, margins and sometimes whole of upper surface flecked with purple or red, underside silvery, pellucid. Flower erect, large for plant, (16)–20–(23) mm long, held well above and back from leaf, mostly translucent white or red, rarely green, usually with much red or purple streaking and flecks, these colourings merging and darkening to maroon toward the back of flower; peduncle short and stout, 2.5–4.2 mm long. Ovary 6.2–8.3 mm long, narrowly oblong, yellow-green or cream, ridged, erect or slightly curving back from leaf; subtended by two unequal floral bracts, the smaller projecting toward leaf, 1.3–2.0 mm long or vestigial, linear-subulate, terete, pale green to cream, rarely spotted or flecked with crimson, the larger equal to normally exceeding the ovary, (6.0)–8.8–(11.0) mm long, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, curved, deeply keeled and closely sheathing ovary for about one third of length, apex acute; green, or yellow-green, rarely flecked or striped with purple or red. Dorsal sepal membranous, more or less equal to labellum length 18–24 mm long, translucent white or pale greenish striped and flecked with purple-red or red, lanceolate-acuminate, apex acute, initially erect then arched forwards, and/or very slightly downwards. Lateral sepals and petals 25–30–(40) mm long, filiform, forward projecting in an almost parallel alignment, greatly exceeding labellum, translucent to cream, more or less flecked with red, held well above leaf. Labellum conspicuous, initially dark maroon, soon grading through to translucent green or cream, with weak to prominent purple-red or red stripes, then flecks or spots, auriculate at base; labellum tube 1.5–2.0 mm long, curving backwards and then abruptly deflexed at c. 90° and expanding into a rapidly broadening lamina; lamina (15)–20–(23) × (6)–10–(20) mm, obtuse when flattened, upper margins more or less folded inwards, upper ¼ more or less overlapping, otherwise widely spreading and flared shallowly grooved; apex usually held well back from leaf; margins initially entire, becoming finely denticulate to more or less erose on either side, and with a short down-curved apiculus; apiculus not touching leaf. Seeding peduncle up to 180 mm tall. Capsule narrowly ovoid up to 15 mm long.
Similar taxa
Part of the Corybas rivularis complex from, which it is distinguished by its generally translucent or red flower, and very long, forward projecting lateral sepals and petals which are more or less aligned in parallel. The petals are also more or less as long as the lateral sepals. It is perhaps closest to C. papa from which it differs by the shortly petiolate rather than sessile leaf; usually translucent to red flowers (very occasionally greenish), rather than mostly green; forward projecting rather than widely spreading lateral sepals and petals; preference for higher elevation habitats; and also by its usually later (up to 8 weeks later) flowering time.
Distribution
Endemic. New Zealand: North Island, South Island. Mainly in the west.
Habitat
Lowland to subalpine (up to 1200 m a.s.l.). Favouring damp, well-lighted to shady seepages that have developed over base-rich substrates such as calcaerous mudstones, siltstones, limestones, basalt, basaltic andesites, and andesitic tephra.
Current conservation status
The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2022-2023 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) – more information about this can be found on the NZTCS website. This report includes replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Previous assessments can be found here.
Please note, threat classifications are often suggested by authors when publications fall between NZTCS assessment periods – these interim threat classification statuses has not been assessed by the NZTCS panel.
- Conservation status of vascular plants in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2023. 2024. Peter J. de Lange, Jane Gosden, Shannel P. Courtney, Alexander J. Fergus, John W. Barkla, Sarah M. Beadel, Paul D. Champion, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Troy Makan and Pascale Michel Department of Conservation. Source: NZTCS and licensed by DOC for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.
2023 | Not Threatened
Detailed taxonomy
Family
Orchidaceae
Synonyms
Corybas macranthus var. longipetalus Hatch, Corybas longipetalus Hatch nom. inval., nom. illeg.; Nematoceras longipetalum (Hatch) Molloy, D.L.Jones et M.A.Clem.
Taxonomic notes
Considerable research is underway to investigate the validity of the segregate genera split from Corybas R.Br. by Jones et al. (2002). Whilst much of that work has yet to be published, on advice from Australian Orchidologists Peter Weston and Stephen Hopper (pers. comm., July 2011, November 2014), all of the segregate genera recognised for New Zealand by Jones et al. (2002) are returned to Corybas.
Lehnebach (2016) made three combinations for those Nematoceras lacking valid names in Corybas. This action now enables the full transfer of Nematoceras back to Corybas. However, as of writing, a formal publication rejecting the segregation of Corybas by Jones et al. (2002) has yet to be published. Lehnebach cites an unpublished PhD (Lyon 2014) that indicates this move is imminent.
Endemic taxon
Yes
Endemic genus
No
Endemic family
No
Ecology
Flowering
July–November
Fruiting
October–January
Propagation technique
Difficult—should not be removed from the wild.
Other information
Etymology
corybas: Helmet flower
hatchii: After Hatch
Manaaki Whenua Online Interactive Key
NVS code
The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database.
CORHAT
Previous conservation statuses
2017 | Not Threatened
2012 | Not Threatened
2009 | Not Threatened
2004 | Not Threatened
Referencing and citations
References and further reading
Jones DL, Clements MA, Sharma IK, Mackenzie AM, Molloy BPJ. 2002. Nomenclatural notes arising from studies into the Tribe Diurideae (Orchidaceae). The Orchadian 13(10): 437–468. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/310769#page/2/mode/1up.
Lehnebach C. 2016. New combinations and a replacement name for three New Zealand spider orchids (Corybas). The New Zealand Native Orchid Journal 139. 4–5.
Lyon SP. 2014. Molecular systematics, biogeography, and mycorrhizal associations in the Acianthinae (Orchidaceae), with a focus on the genus Corybas. PhD Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. https://asset.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/UAXO3VHO6P7EH8Y/R/file-19145.pdf.
Attribution
Fact Sheet prepared for NZPCN by P.J. de Lange 14 April 2007. Description based on herbarium and fresh plant material.
NZPCN Fact Sheet citation
Please cite as: de Lange, P.J. (Year at time of access): Corybas hatchii Fact Sheet (content continuously updated). New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/corybas-hatchii/ (Date website was queried)