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  4. Corybas hypogaeus

Corybas hypogaeus

Erua Forest Park, Horopito.<br>Photographer: Bill Campbell, Date taken: 23/09/2019, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Erua Forest Park, Horopito.<br>Photographer: Bill Campbell, Date taken: 23/09/2019, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Erua Foresr Park, Horopito.<br>Photographer: Bill Campbell, Date taken: 23/09/2019, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Wharekawa side of Hunua Range in ARC Reserve on 6/9/01.<br>Photographer: Eric Scanlen, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
Glacier Burn.<br>Photographer: Carlos A. Lehnebach, Licence: All rights reserved. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Glacier Burn.<br>Photographer: Carlos A. Lehnebach, Licence: All rights reserved. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Nelson Lakes.<br>Photographer: Carlos A. Lehnebach, Licence: All rights reserved. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Nelson Lakes.<br>Photographer: Carlos A. Lehnebach, Licence: All rights reserved. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
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Biostatus

Native – Endemic taxon

Category

Vascular

Structural class

Orchids

Flower colours

Red/Pink, Violet/Purple

Detailed description

Diminutive, terrestrial, fleshy, late winter to early spring flowering perennial forming extensive colonies through vegetative extension. Plants buried within leaf-litter usually only with the leaf exposed. Leaf solitary, held well above flower, much veined, veins largely anastomosing with longitudinal dots in the interspaces; distinctly petiolate, petiole 10–15 mm long, white often pinkish, with a sheathing truncate bract at base; lamina membranous, shining, 11.5–18.4 mm diameter, light green above, midrib and marginal spots purple; silvery to purple-silvery below; cordate-reniform to weakly pandurate, trilobed at apex, middle lobe prolonged, acute, acuminate, side margins sinuate with a single notch on both sides near the sub-hastate base, auricles large, distant, blunt-ended. Peduncle short, 2.3–4.6 mm long, hyaline, white or pinkish opaque. Floral bracts two, unequal, set close to base of flower, smaller bract to the front of the peduncle, minute, linear, obtuse; the larger bract set to the back to the peduncle, ovate-oblong, obtuse. Flower solitary, 6.9–9.2 mm diameter. Dorsal sepal sub-obovate-spathulate, narrowest at base, rounded and slightly sinuate or subapiculate at apex rather finely veined, arching and closely clasping, green with a purple median line. Lateral sepals up to 15 mm long, hyaline or pinkish opaque, linear, acuminate, very narrow-filiform. Petals up to 9.2 mm long, hyaline or pinkish opaque, filiform, 9.2 mm long. Labellum short, auriculate at base, apex abruptly flared with rounded and incurved margins, basal portion bearing 2–3 deeply cut laciniae, otherwise deeply and jaggedly cut. Fruit narrowly ovoid to ellipsoid borne on greatly elongated peduncle arising well above leaf litter.

Similar taxa

Allied to and distinguished from the rest of the Corybas trilobus Hook.f. complex by the tiny flower, which is usually found buried in the leaf litter, and by the distinctly jagged-edged, incurved labellum.

Distribution

Endemic. New Zealand: North Island (Hunua Range, Waikato and Wairarapa), South Island (North-west Nelson).

Habitat

Lowland to montane (up to 1000 m a.s.l.). In kānuka (Kunzea spp.)- or beech (Nothofagaceae)-dominated forest, and on the margins of swamps developed within such vegetation types. Usually found near the trunks of these trees, semi buried in deep drifts of semi-rotted leaves. The leaf is all that is usually exposed.

Current conservation status

The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2022-2023 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) – more information about this can be found on the NZTCS website. This report includes replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Previous assessments can be found here.

  • Conservation status of vascular plants in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2023. 2024. Peter J. de Lange, Jane Gosden, Shannel P. Courtney, Alexander J. Fergus, John W. Barkla, Sarah M. Beadel, Paul D. Champion, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Troy Makan and Pascale Michel Department of Conservation. Source: NZTCS and licensed by DOC for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.

2023 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: Sp, DPS, DPT

Jump to previous conservation statuses

Detailed taxonomy

Family

Orchidaceae

Authority

Corybas hypogaeus (Colenso) Lehnebach

Synonyms

Corysanthes hypogaea Colenso; Nematoceras hypogaeum (Colenso) Molloy, D.L.Jones et M.A.Clem.

Taxonomic notes

Considerable research is underway to investigate the validity of the segregate genera split from Corybas R.Br. by Jones et al. (2002). Whilst much of that work has yet to be published, on advice from Australian Orchidologists Peter Weston and Stephen Hopper (pers. comm., July 2011, November 2014), all of the segregate genera recognised for New Zealand by Jones et al. (2002) are returned to Corybas.

Lehnebach (2016) made three combinations for those Nematoceras lacking valid names in Corybas. This action enabled the full transfer of Nematoceras back to Corybas. However, as of writing, a formal publication rejecting the segregation of Corybas by Jones et al. (2002) has yet to be published. Lehnebach cites an unpublished PhD (Lyon 2014) that indicates this move is imminent.

Endemic taxon

Yes

Endemic genus

No

Endemic family

No

Ecology

Flowering

August–September

Fruiting

September–December

Propagation technique

Difficult—should not be removed from the wild. Can be grown in basic orchid mix consisting of 2 parts medium coarse sand, ideally clean river sand; 2 parts soil, humus or leaf-mould; 1 part weathered sawdust or rotting wood; 1 part granulated bark. Many Corybas thrive when more leaf-mould is added, and the plants grown in 50–70% shade, in the cooler, darker end of the shade-house, in pots kept moist throughout the growing period.

Other information

Etymology

corybas: Helmet flower

Manaaki Whenua Online Interactive Key

Key to native orchids of New Zealand

NVS code

The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database.

CORHYP

Previous conservation statuses

The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2022-2023 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) – more information about this can be found on the NZTCS website. This report includes replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Previous assessments can be found here.

  • Conservation status of vascular plants in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2023. 2024. Peter J. de Lange, Jane Gosden, Shannel P. Courtney, Alexander J. Fergus, John W. Barkla, Sarah M. Beadel, Paul D. Champion, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Troy Makan and Pascale Michel Department of Conservation. Source: NZTCS and licensed by DOC for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.

2017 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: DP, Sp

2012 | Not Threatened

2009 | Not Threatened

2004 | Not Threatened

Jump to current conservation status

Referencing and citations

References and further reading

Colenso W. 1884. A further contribution towards making known the botany of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 16: 325–363. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/periodicals/TPRSNZ1883-16.2.6.2.25.

Jones DL, Clements MA, Sharma IK, Mackenzie AM, Molloy BPJ. 2002. Nomenclatural notes arising from studies into the Tribe Diurideae (Orchidaceae). The Orchadian 13: 437–468. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/310769#page/5/mode/1up.

Lehnebach C. 2016. New combinations and a replacement name for three New Zealand spider orchids (Corybas). The New Zealand Native Orchid Journal 139. 4–5.

Lyon SP. 2014. Molecular systematics, biogeography, and mycorrhizal associations in the Acianthinae (Orchidaceae), with a focus on the genus Corybas. PhD Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. https://asset.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/UAXO3VHO6P7EH8Y/R/file-19145.pdf.

Attribution

Fact Sheet prepared for NZPCN by P.J. de Lange 14 April 2007. Description modified from Colenso (1884).

NZPCN Fact Sheet citation

Please cite as: de Lange, P.J. (Year at time of access): Corybas hypogaeus Fact Sheet (content continuously updated). New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/corybas-hypogaeus/ (Date website was queried)

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