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  4. Carex comans

Carex comans

Female spike. In cultivation.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 14/12/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>.
In cultivation.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 14/12/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>.
Two female spikes and male spike. In cultivation.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 14/12/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>.
Female spike. In cultivation.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 14/12/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>.
Green form. Naturalised at Auckland.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 26/10/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>.
Green form. Naturalised at Auckland.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 26/10/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>.
Carex comans, Haha RAP, East Cape.<br>Photographer: Mike Thorsen, Licence: All rights reserved.
Carex comans, Haha RAP, East Cape.<br>Photographer: Mike Thorsen, Licence: All rights reserved.
Taieri.<br>Photographer: Mike Thorsen, Date taken: 23/11/2013, Licence: All rights reserved.
South Westland.<br>Photographer: Mike Thorsen, Date taken: 10/08/2013, Licence: All rights reserved.
South Westland.<br>Photographer: Mike Thorsen, Date taken: 14/08/2013, Licence: All rights reserved.
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Common name

sedge

Synonyms

Carex pulchella Bergg., C. cheesemanii Petrie, C. comans var. pulchella (Bergg.) C.B.Clarke in Cheeseman, C. comans var. cheesemanii (Petrie) Kük.

Family

Cyperaceae

Authority

Carex comans Bergg.

Flora category

Vascular – Native

Endemic taxon

Yes

Endemic genus

No

Endemic family

No

Structural class

Sedges

NVS code

The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database.

CARCOM

Chromosome number

2n = 40

Current conservation status

  • Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017

The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2017 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS). This report includes a statistical summary and brief notes on changes since 2012 and replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Authors: By Peter J. de Lange, Jeremy R. Rolfe, John W. Barkla, Shannel P. Courtney, Paul D. Champion, Leon R. Perrie, Sarah M. Beadel, Kerry A. Ford, Ilse Breitwieser, Ines Schönberger, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Peter B. Heenan and Kate Ladley.

2012 | Not Threatened

Previous conservation statuses

2009 | Not Threatened

2004 | Not Threatened

Distribution

Endemic. New Zealand: North, South and Stewart Islands.

Habitat

Coastal to subalpine. Usually in free draining soils either in the open or under scrub or tall forest in relatively open sparsely vegetated situations. It often naturalises in urban areas.

Features

Tufts very dense, very leafy, red, yellow-green, or lime-green. Culms 60-400 mm long, < 1 mm diameter, terete, glabrous, flaccid, occasionally much elongating at maturation of fruit and drooping to the ground; basal sheaths dull brown to purple-black. Leaves usually > culms, 0.5-1.5 mm wide, drooping above, concavo-convex, adaxial surface matt, abaxial surface more deeply coloured and shining, margins scabrid, tips rarely curled. Spikes 4-8, linear-oblong; terminal 1(-2) spikes male, very slender; remaining spikes female occasionally with a few male flowers at the base, 5–25 × 3–4 mm, distant, the uppermost 1–2 sessile, the lower on filiform peduncles, often drooping. Glumes (excluding awn) often slightly < utricles, ovate-lanceolate, usually emarginate to more deeply bifid at the top with a rather short scabrid awn, light brown or reddish brown with a paler midrib, membranous. Utricles 2.5–3.5 × c.1.0 mm, unequally biconvex to ± plano-convex, lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, reddish brown, pale straw-coloured at the base, obscurely ribbed on both faces, becoming smooth when fully mature, lateral nerves usually prominent, margins of upper half sharply serrate, narrowed above to a bifid beak c.1 mm long, with slender scabrid crura. Stigmas 3. Nut 1.5–2 mm. long, trigonous, ovoid to oblong-ovoid, dark brown.

Similar taxa

Carex comans is a very distinct species easily recognised by its densely tufted growth habit, narrow, concavo-convex leaves, slender light brown pedunculate spikes and the sharply toothed utricle-beaks with long crura. It is most similar to, and most often confused with C. albula Allan and C. fretailis Hamlin (see under those species)

Flowering

Throughout the year

Fruiting

Throughout the year

Life cycle

Nuts surrounded by inflated utricles are dispersed by granivory and wind (Thorsen et al., 2009).

Propagation technique

Easily grown from fresh seed and by division of established plants. Three colour forms exist, the red and green forms are the most widely cultivated. Often naturalises in urban areas and at times can become invasive. Tolerant of a wide range of conditions except permanently waterlogged soils. However does best in full sun in a free draining soil.

Threats

Not Threatened - often naturalised in urban areas

Etymology

carex: Latin name for a species of sedge, now applied to the whole group.

comans: Like a luxurious head of hair

Where To Buy

Commonly available from mainline and specialist native plant nurseries.

Cultural Use/Importance

Carex comans is very variable, and red and green colour forms are known. Some confusion exists around the cultivar C. comans cv. Frosted Curls which, at least in the original form is actually C. fretalis Hamlin. However, many plants now sold as that cultivar are now the green-form of C. comans.

Attribution

Fact Sheet prepared by P.J. de Lange (10 August 2006). Description adapted from Moore and Edgar (1970)

References and further reading

Moore, L.B.; Edgar, E. 1970: Flora of New Zealand. Vol. II. Government Printer, Wellington.

Thorsen, M. J.; Dickinson, K. J. M.; Seddon, P. J. 2009. Seed dispersal systems in the New Zealand flora. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 2009 Vol. 11 No. 4 pp. 285-309

NZPCN Fact Sheet citation

Please cite as: de Lange, P.J. (Year at time of access): Carex comans Fact Sheet (content continuously updated). New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/carex-comans/ (Date website was queried)

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