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  4. Carex raoulii

Carex raoulii

Carex raoulii.<br>Photographer: Cathy Jones, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>.
Carex raoulii close up of spikelet.<br>Photographer: Colin C. Ogle, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
Carex raoulii habitat.<br>Photographer: Cathy Jones, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>.
Spikelets. Palliser Bay. From a specimen collected by Pat Enright.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 12/02/2011, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Spikelets. Palliser Bay. From a specimen collected by Pat Enright.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 12/02/2011, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Spikelets. Palliser Bay. From a specimen collected by Pat Enright.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 12/02/2011, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Utricles. Top row: abaxil surface; bottom row: adaxil surface. Palliser Bay. From a specimen collected by Pat Enright.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 13/02/2011, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Transverse section of leaf. Palliser Bay. From a specimen collected by Pat Enright.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 12/02/2011, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
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Common name

coastal forest sedge, Raoul’s sedge

Synonyms

C. macmahoni Petrie

Family

Cyperaceae

Authority

Carex raoulii Boott

Flora category

Vascular – Native

Endemic taxon

Yes

Endemic genus

No

Endemic family

No

Structural class

Sedges

NVS code

The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database.

CARRAO

Chromosome number

2n = 46

Current conservation status

  • Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017

The threat classification status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2017 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) – more information about this can be found on the NZTCS website This report includes a statistical summary and brief notes on changes since 2012 and replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Authors: By Peter J. de Lange, Jeremy R. Rolfe, John W. Barkla, Shannel P. Courtney, Paul D. Champion, Leon R. Perrie, Sarah M. Beadel, Kerry A. Ford, Ilse Breitwieser, Ines Schönberger, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Peter B. Heenan and Kate Ladley. Please note, threat classifications are often suggested by authors when publications fall between NZTCS assessment periods – a suggested threat classification status has not been assessed by the NZTCS panel.

Source: NZTCS and licensed by DOC for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.

2017 | Not Threatened

Previous conservation statuses

2012 | Not Threatened

2009 | Not Threatened

2004 | Data Deficient

Distribution

Endemic. North and South Islands. Exact distribution uncertain.

Habitat

Sedge of coastal and lowland shrublands.

Features

Densely tufted, tussock-forming, dark-yellow green/wine-red sedge. Culms 50-90cm × 0.5-1mm, 3-angled (trigonous), scabrid below inflorescence, greatly elongating at maturity, sometimes 3 m long. Basal sheaths dark grey-brown. Leaves < culms 2-4 mm wide, double-folded, soft, grassy, margins finely scabrid. Inflorescence of 5-7 unstalked, closely, clustered 1-4 cm x 4-7 mm spikes, arranged at top of culm, proximal portion of terminal spike female, basally male, remaining spikes all female. Glumes (excluding awn) = or < utricles, very broadly ovate, apex often cleft, membraneous, colourless with few small red brown lines, pale cream midrib extending beyond to form finely scabrid awn. Utricles 2-3 × 1.5 mm, Plano-convex, elliptic-obovoid, light reddish brown, usually with distinct pale brown nerves, slightly winged, usually scabrid on margins, and on both surfaces of upper half. Beak 0.5-1 mm long, bifid, orifice finely scabrid. Stigmas 2. Nut c.1.5 mm, biconvex, obovoid, light to dark brown.

Similar taxa

Allied to a distinctive, apparently unnamed (C.C. Ogle pers. comm.) sedge which is common throughout the sand country and coastal cliffs and shrublands of the western North Island, as well as locally present elsewhere. That sedge (known by the tag name C. “raotest”) differs from C. raoulii by the terminal spikelets all male. This is sometimes subtended by a reduced female spikelet.

Flowering

No information available

Fruiting

No information available

Life cycle

Nuts surrounded by inflated utricles are dispersed by granivory and wind (Thorsen et al., 2009).

Propagation technique

Easily grown by division and from fresh seed.

Threats

Because of frequent confusion with the somewhat similar Carex ‘raotest’ the exact distribution and status of Carex raoulii is unclear. It is certainly less common than indicated by Flora 2, which included the very common C. ‘raotest’ within C. raoulii. Present indications are that C. raoulii might be rather uncommon.

Etymology

carex: Latin name for a species of sedge, now applied to the whole group.

raoulii: After Raoul

Attribution

Fact Sheet prepared by P.J. de Lange (10 August 2006). Description adapted from Moore and Edgar (1970)

References and further reading

Moore, L.B.; Edgar, E. 1970: Flora of New Zealand. Vol. II. Government Printer, Wellington.

Thorsen, M. J.; Dickinson, K. J. M.; Seddon, P. J. 2009. Seed dispersal systems in the New Zealand flora. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 2009 Vol. 11 No. 4 pp. 285-309

NZPCN Fact Sheet citation

Please cite as: de Lange, P.J. (Year at time of access): Carex raoulii Fact Sheet (content continuously updated). New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/carex-raoulii/ (Date website was queried)

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