Histiopteris incisa
Common name
histiopteris, water fern, mātātā, bat’s wing fern
Synonyms
Pteris incisa Thunb.; Pteris montana Colenso; Pteris vespertilionis Labill.; Phegopteris incisa (Thunb.) Keyserl.; Pteris alpina Field; Pteris brunoniana Endl.; Histiopteris vespertilionis (Labill.) J.Sm.; Litobrochia incisa (Thunb.) C.Presl; Litobrochia vespertilionis (Labill.) C.Presl
Family
Dennstaedtiaceae
Flora category
Vascular – Native
Endemic taxon
No
Endemic genus
No
Endemic family
No
Structural class
Ferns
NVS code
The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database.
HISINC
Chromosome number
2n = 192, 208
Current conservation status
The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2017 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS). This report includes a statistical summary and brief notes on changes since 2012 and replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Authors: By Peter J. de Lange, Jeremy R. Rolfe, John W. Barkla, Shannel P. Courtney, Paul D. Champion, Leon R. Perrie, Sarah M. Beadel, Kerry A. Ford, Ilse Breitwieser, Ines Schönberger, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Peter B. Heenan and Kate Ladley.
2012 | Not Threatened
Previous conservation statuses
2009 | Not Threatened
2004 | Not Threatened
Distribution
Indigenous. New Zealand: Also eastern and south-eastern Australia and Tasmania, Lord Howe and Norfolk and throughout the tropics and southern temperate regions.
Habitat
Coastal to subalpine. Usually in open sites. Histiopteris is typically a primary colonizer of disturbed ground such as in clearings caused by tree falls, or in forest that has been seriously damaged by browsing animals. It is often common in pine forest, on roadside cuttings, and sometimes may be found in urban areas.
Features
Terrestrial often summer green fern (deciduous in cooler areas). Rhizomes long-creeping, scaly. Stipe and rachis chestnut-brown at base otherwise mostly yellow-brown (sometimes glaucescent), glabrous except for basal scales, glossy; stipe 0.15-1.2 m long, 5-10 mm diameter. Lamina 0.3-2.3 × 0.15-1.2 m, yellow-green, glaucescent or glaucous (irrespective distinctly glaucous when young), glabrous, ovate, 3-4-pinnate at base. Pinnae sessile, basal pinnules reduced, stipuliform; veins reticulate. Primary pinnae in opposite pairs; longest 130-600 × 70-350 mm, arising at narrow angles, sessile. Secondary pinnae opposite, arising at wide angles; longest 40-200 × 20-90 mm, with basal pair sometimes reduced to stipules. Tertiary pinnae opposite; longest 10-45 × 6-15 mm, sometimes divided into quaternary pinnae. Ultimate pinnules adnate to midribs; margins entire or crenate; apices obtuse. Sori ± continuous around margins, borne on connecting vein, bearing paraphyses; indusia absent, sori protected by reflexed membranous lamina margin. Spores pale, tuberculate.
Similar taxa
Easily recognised by the glabrous, yellow-green glaucescent or glaucous fronds (always glaucous when emergent), pinnae with reticulate venation, by the continuous marginal sori and the absence of an indusia, an dby the basal pair of secondary pinnae on the primary pinnae overlapping the rachis.
Flowering
None (spore bearing)
Fruiting
None (spore bearing)
Life cycle
Minute spores are wind dispersed (Thorsen et al., 2009).
Propagation technique
Very easily grown from fresh spores and young plants. Inclined to be weedy. Does best in an open site planted in a deep, fertile, moist soil.
Etymology
histiopteris: Webbed fern; from the greek histion and pteris; netted veins of the leaves
incisa: Incised or cut in two; from the Latin incidere; incised leaf
Attribution
Fact Sheet Prepared for NZPCN by P.J. de Lange 11 January 2011. Description adapted from Brownsey (1998) and Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth (2000)
References and further reading
Brownsey, P.J. 1998: Dennstaedtiaceae: Flora of Australia 48: 214-228.
Brownsey, P.J.; Smith-Dodsworth, J.C. 2000: New Zealand Ferns and Allied Plants. Auckland, David Bateman
Thorsen, M. J.; Dickinson, K. J. M.; Seddon, P. J. 2009. Seed dispersal systems in the New Zealand flora. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 11: 285-309
NZPCN Fact Sheet citation
Please cite as: de Lange, P.J. (Year at time of access): Histiopteris incisa Fact Sheet (content continuously updated). New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/histiopteris-incisa/ (Date website was queried)