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  1. Home
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  3. Flora species
  4. Hoheria equitum

Hoheria equitum

Ex. Cult Tawhiti Rahi.<br>Photographer: Peter J de Lange, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Hoheria equitum showing growith and flower habit.<br>Photographer: Lisa Forester, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0'>CC BY-SA</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Close up of flowers, Ex. Cult. Tawhiti Rahi, Poor Knights Islands.<br>Photographer: Gillian M. Crowcroft, Date taken: 01/03/1999, Licence: All rights reserved.
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Common names

Poor Knights houhere

Biostatus

Native – Endemic taxon

Current conservation status

The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2022-2023 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) – more information about this can be found on the NZTCS website. This report includes replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Previous assessments can be found here.

  • Conservation status of vascular plants in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2023. 2024. Peter J. de Lange, Jane Gosden, Shannel P. Courtney, Alexander J. Fergus, John W. Barkla, Sarah M. Beadel, Paul D. Champion, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Troy Makan and Pascale Michel Department of Conservation. Source: NZTCS and licensed by DOC for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.

2023 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: RR

Jump to previous conservation statuses

Category

Vascular

Structural class

Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons

Simplified description

Small soft-wooded tree producing white flowers that develop into a dry winged seed inhabiting the Poor Knights Islands. Leaves thin, oval, 35-150mm long by 15-95mm wide, with small teeth along margin, on 10-30mm long stalks. Flowers white, in groups of 1-15, on stalks 10-20mm long.

Flower colours

Red/Pink, White

Detailed description

Evergreen tree to 8 m tall, more or less glabrous except the young shoots and flower buds which are clad in stellate hairs, bark fibrous, tough, branches slender, sucker shoots frequent. Juvenile foliage similar to adult. Leaves yellow-green, alternate, 35-150 × 15-95 mm, elliptic to broadly elliptic apex obtuse to subacuminate, acumen, where present, often obtuse; young leaves with stellate hairs on undersides, soon glabrescent; margins recurved, entire or distantly and rather obscurely serrate with blunt teeth up to 1-2 mm long, petiole 10-30 mm long, stipules linear, 3.5 × 0.5 mm. Flowers in 1-15-flowered axillary fascicles, these solitary on articulated pedicels 10-20 mm long, bearing few hairs. Flowers hermaphrodite, regular, 10-23 mm across. Epicalyx absent. Calyx rather deeply toothed, lobes 5, 2 × 2 mm, clad in sparse stellate hairs when young, without adaxial glands. Petals 5, white, obtuse, asymmetrical with a notch on one side of the apex, slightly clawed at base. Staminal column adnate to corolla, bearing c.20 stamens in 5 bundles, sparse, stiff hairs present abaxially at base of staminal tube, anthers dark red before dehiscence, fading to pale yellow. Ovary superior, 5-celled, 1.8 × 1.5 mm, with a crown of short hairs at the apex, Ovules pendulous, 1 in each cell. Style branches 5, stigma 0.5 mm wide, capitate or obliquely capitate, not decurrent. Fruit a schizocarp, separating from a central xis into 5, 1-seeded, more or less indehiscent winged Mericarps. Mericarps 4.0-4.8 mm long, semicircular, initially bright green maturing greyish, broader at base, rounded to angular otherwise, wings arising from upper ½ of dorsal surface, ribbed, margins irregularly toothed to somewhat smooth .

Similar taxa

Hoheria populnea A.Cunn., from which H. equitum differs by its uniformly bright green to dark green, usually larger, entire or finely serrated or crenate margined leaves; smaller flowers which are usually obscured amongst the foliage. H. equitum is an island endemic which is sympatric in the southern part of its range with H. populnea on the Hen & Chicken Islands. DNA sequences (MatK and ITS) confirm that it is distinct from all other Hoheria species.

Distribution

Endemic. Poor Knights and Hen and Chicken Islands only

Habitat

Coastal forest on offshore islands. Sometimes in petrel scrub or low windshorn forest along ridge lines.

Threats

Abundant within its narrow geographic range

Detailed taxonomy

Genus

Hoheria

Family

Malvaceae

Authority

Hoheria equitum Heads

Synonyms

None (first described in 2000)

Endemic taxon

Yes

Endemic genus

Yes

Endemic family

No

Ecology

Flowering

January - March

Fruiting

March - May

Life cycle and dispersal

Winged mericarps are dispersed by wind (Thorsen et al., 2009).

Propagation technique

Easy from fresh seed - indeed naturalises in gardens. Can be grown from semi-hardwood cuttings but these are difficult to strike. A short-lived, very fast growing tree, ideal in a dry, open, exposed spot. Likes full sun, reasonably tolerant of frost once established

Other information

Cultivation

Occasionally available from specialist native plant nurseries

Etymology

hoheria: Latin version of the Maori name houhere which refers to H. populnea and H. glabrata.

NVS code

The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database.

HOHEQU

Chromosome number

2n = 42

Previous conservation statuses

The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2022-2023 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) – more information about this can be found on the NZTCS website. This report includes replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Previous assessments can be found here.

  • Conservation status of vascular plants in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2023. 2024. Peter J. de Lange, Jane Gosden, Shannel P. Courtney, Alexander J. Fergus, John W. Barkla, Sarah M. Beadel, Paul D. Champion, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Troy Makan and Pascale Michel Department of Conservation. Source: NZTCS and licensed by DOC for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.

2017 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: RR

2012 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: RR

2009 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: IE

2004 | Range Restricted

Jump to current conservation status

Referencing and citations

References and further reading

Heads, M. 2000: A new species of Hoheria (Malvaceae) from the Poor Knights Islands and Hen and Chickens Islands, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 38: 373-377

Moorfield, J. C. (2005). Te aka : Maori-English, English-Maori dictionary and index. Pearson Longman: Auckland, N.Z.

Thorsen, M. J.; Dickinson, K. J. M.; Seddon, P. J. 2009. Seed dispersal systems in the New Zealand flora. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 11: 285-309

Attribution

Description (except for fruits) adapted from Heads (2000)

NZPCN Fact Sheet citation

Please cite as: de Lange, P.J. (Year at time of access): Hoheria equitum Fact Sheet (content continuously updated). New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/hoheria-equitum/ (Date website was queried)

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