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  4. Leucopogon parviflorus

Leucopogon parviflorus

Chatham islands, Ocean Mail.<br>Photographer: John Sawyer, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
Chatham Island.<br>Photographer: Peter J. de Lange, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
Chatham Island.<br>Photographer: Peter J. de Lange, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
Leucopogon parviflorus, July 2003.<br>Photographer: Peter J. de Lange, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
Kaingaroa Rd, Chatham Island.<br>Photographer: Gillian M. Crowcroft, Licence: All rights reserved.
Chatham islands, Ocean Mail.<br>Photographer: John Sawyer, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
Chatham island.<br>Photographer: John Sawyer, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
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Common names

Chatham Island mingimingi

Biostatus

Native

Category

Vascular

Structural class

Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons

Simplified description

Bushy prickly shrub bearing hard narrow sharp leaves that are greenish underneath and short spikes of small white bell-shaped flowers and white fruit inhabiting the Chatham Islands. Leaves 10-15mm long by 4-6mm wide. Flowers hairy inside, bell-shaped, in clusters of spikes towards tip of twigs.

Flower colours

White

Detailed description

Shrub 0.8-1.0(-3) × 1.0-1.8(-2.0) m. Trunk stout, often with several arising from ground level, bark firm, furrowed, ± tessellated, dark grey-black or brown. Branches and branchlets numerous, virgate, crowded, glabrous. Leaves numerous, ± weakly appressed to erecto-patent, crowded toward branch apices, glabrous, lanceolate, oblanceolate to elliptic, apex ± attenuate, rounded to subacute, with a small apical callus, base attenuate; 10-15(-20) × 4-6(-8) mm, flat or slightly convex with recurved, entire margins, veins faint, parallel, more evident when dried; lamina pale yellow-green to dark green above, paler beneath, with the foliage of young growth and exposed plants often adaxially glaucescent. Inflorescences axillary or terminal in upper leaf axils, spicate; spikes densely crowded, 15-20 mm long; flowers sweetly scented, densely packed, crowded,. Bracts and bracteoles broadly ovate, bracteoles weakly keeled, c.½ as long calyx. Sepals ovate, acute, 1.5-2.5 mm long, finely ciliolate. Corolla tube ± cylindrical, about as long as sepals, white or pale pink, corolla lobes 1.5-1.9 mm long, white or pale pink at anthesis, fading to white with age, deltoid to narrowly triangular, reflexed, inner surface densely invested in white hairs (bearded). Anthers versatile, half exserted, 1.5 mm long, with sterile tip 0.3-0.5 mm long. Ovary 4-5-locular, c.1 mm long, tapering into a short style; style not exserted. Fruit a fleshy, ovoid or spherical drupe 3 mm diameter, immature flesh at first greenish-yellow, then pale yellow, maturing white. Endocarp elliptic to broadly elliptic, 3-angled, rarely biconvex or 4-angled. 2.2-3.5 × 1.8-2.3 mm, indistinctly longitudinally ridged or veined, surface light orange-yellow, orange or orange-brown, internally with 2-4 cells with up to 3 filled.

Similar taxa

None on the Chatham Islands. However, this species has been confused in cultivation and occasionally on Chatham Island with Pouteretere (Leptecophylla robusta), which differs by its leaves which are dark green, purple-green or bronze-green above, pale green or cream below (rather than yellow-green to dark green above, paler beneath), and ovate or oblong (rather than lanceolate, oblanceolate to elliptic), flowers which are solitary rather than in spikes, and fruit which is larger (5-8 mm cf. 3 mm diameter) and red, pink or white. North Cape, North Island records of this species are referable to L. xerampelinus.

Distribution

Indigenous. New Zealand: Chatham Island. Present in Australia (southern Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania).

Habitat

Strictly coastal. Usually on stable, sand dunes, dune slacks and sand flats, more rarely on sandy soils in pasture. Also rocky headlands, at the head of ravines and in low, windswept coastal scrub where it may be dominant. Prefers free-draining substrates and avoids permanently damp soils.

Current conservation status

The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2022-2023 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) – more information about this can be found on the NZTCS website. This report includes replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Previous assessments can be found here.

  • Conservation status of vascular plants in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2023. 2024. Peter J. de Lange, Jane Gosden, Shannel P. Courtney, Alexander J. Fergus, John W. Barkla, Sarah M. Beadel, Paul D. Champion, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Troy Makan and Pascale Michel Department of Conservation. Source: NZTCS and licensed by DOC for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.

2023 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: RR, SO

Jump to previous conservation statuses

Threats

A Naturally Uncommon, Range-restricted species abundant along the sandy coastline of Chatham Island. It is not especially palatable however, at some sites it may be threatened by marram grass (Ammophila arenaria)

Detailed taxonomy

Family

Ericaceae

Authority

Leucopogon parviflorus (Andrews) Lindl.

Synonyms

Cyathodes parviflora (Andrews) Allan, Leucopogon lanceolatus R.Br. (nom. illegit.), Leucopogon richei (Labill.) R.Br., Styphelia parviflora Andrews, Styphelia richei Labill.

Endemic taxon

No

Endemic genus

No

Endemic family

No

Ecology

Flowering

Throughout the year

Fruiting

Throughout the year

Life cycle and dispersal

Fleshy drupes are dispersed by frugivory (Thorsen et al., 2009).

Propagation technique

Easily grown from fresh seed. Can also be grown from semi-hardwood cuttings though these can be slow to strike. An attractive shrub that does well in exposed sandy soils and is very drought tolerant.

Other information

Etymology

leucopogon: White beard (the petals are hairy)

parviflorus: Small flowers

NVS code

The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database.

LEUPAR

Chromosome number

2n = 22

Previous conservation statuses

The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2022-2023 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) – more information about this can be found on the NZTCS website. This report includes replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Previous assessments can be found here.

  • Conservation status of vascular plants in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2023. 2024. Peter J. de Lange, Jane Gosden, Shannel P. Courtney, Alexander J. Fergus, John W. Barkla, Sarah M. Beadel, Paul D. Champion, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Troy Makan and Pascale Michel Department of Conservation. Source: NZTCS and licensed by DOC for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.

2017 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: RR, SO

2012 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: RR, SO

2009 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: OL, SO

2004 | Range Restricted

Jump to current conservation status

Referencing and citations

References and further reading

Thorsen, M. J.; Dickinson, K. J. M.; Seddon, P. J. 2009. Seed dispersal systems in the New Zealand flora. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 11: 285-309

Attribution

Fact Sheet prepared for NZPCN by P.J. de Lange 30 December 2010. Description prepared from Chatham Island herbarium specimens and live material.

NZPCN Fact Sheet citation

Please cite as: de Lange, P.J. (Year at time of access): Leucopogon parviflorus Fact Sheet (content continuously updated). New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/leucopogon-parviflorus/ (Date website was queried)

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