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  4. Pterostylis auriculata

Pterostylis auriculata

Pterostylis auriculata.<br>Photographer: Ian St George, Licence: All rights reserved.
Flower smaller, narrower; galea not minutely papillose; sepals shorter than southern specimens. Kapiti Island.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 26/11/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Flower smaller, narrower; galea not minutely papillose; sepals shorter than southern specimens. Kapiti Island.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 26/11/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Flower smaller, narrower; galea not minutely papillose; sepals shorter than southern specimens. Kapiti Island.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 26/11/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Flower smaller, narrower; galea not minutely papillose; sepals shorter than southern specimens. Kapiti Island.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 26/11/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Flower smaller, narrower; galea not minutely papillose; sepals shorter than southern specimens. Kapiti Island.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 26/11/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Flower smaller, narrower; galea not minutely papillose; sepals shorter than southern specimens. Kapiti Island.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 26/11/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Swampy.<br>Photographer: Mike Thorsen, Date taken: 14/11/2013, Licence: All rights reserved. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Swampy.<br>Photographer: Mike Thorsen, Date taken: 14/11/2013, Licence: All rights reserved. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Swampy.<br>Photographer: Mike Thorsen, Date taken: 16/11/2013, Licence: All rights reserved. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Pterostylis auriculata.<br>Photographer: Ian St George, Licence: All rights reserved.
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Common names

greenhood

Biostatus

Native – Endemic taxon

Category

Vascular

Structural class

Orchids

Flower colours

Green, Red/Pink

Detailed description

Terrestrial, glabrous, tuberous summer-green perennial. Plant erect, all parts distinctly glossy, up to 380 mm tall. Stems bright-red to reddish green. Leaves 4, all cauline, of more or less equal length, usually overtopping the galea, 125–180 × 10–12 mm, pale-green to dark green, lanceolate, distinctly acuminate, arching with apices drooping, widest near sessile sheathing base, midrib prominent, reddish. Flower solitary, narrowly erect, green with a reddish tint. Ovary slender, 10 mm long, reddish, linear-ellipsoid. Dorsal sepal 15–18 mm long, narrowly ovate, shortly acuminate. Lateral sepals erect, narrowly divergent, sinus large, apices caudate, 8–9 mm long, overtopping galea, spreading, narrow and more or less falcate caudae. Petals narrowly ovate, shortly acuminate. Labellum 10 × 2.3–4.6 mm, dark-red, linear-oblong, distinctly arched and tapering toward the truncate or slightly retuse to emarginate apex, midrib prominent, keeled below, deeply depressed above, somewhat twisted, with 4 flexuous lateral veins on each side; basal callus wide, shortly curved, and coarsely fimbriate. Column slender about as long as labellum, wings prolonged upwards as subulate apices nearly 2.3 mm long, narrow auriculate; auricles 4.5 mm long, with the apices closely and finely ciliate.

Similar taxa

Pterostylis banksii has narrow, more upright leaves and larger flowers; P. australis has short sepals and broad upright leaves; both lack the tapered labellum. The various forms included in P. montana are smaller plants, with oblong apically twisted labella. Distinguished from P. silvicultrix by longer, narrower, arching leaves; longer dorsal and lateral sepals; lateral sepals which are not twisted or turned forwards, and straight rather than twisted labellum.

Distribution

Endemic. New Zealand: North Island (Kapiti Island), South Island (south-east Otago (Catlins Coast) and Southland), Stewart Island/Rakiura, Chatham Islands (recorded in November 2008 from one site on Rangihaute / Rangiauria / Pitt Island).

Habitat

Coastal to montane.(up to 521 m a.s.l. on Kapiti Island). Favouring permanently damp, heavily shaded, sites in dune forest in the Catlins, south-eastern South Island, and under dense kamahi (Pterophylla racemosa) and māpou (Myrsine australis) on Kapiti Island. On the Chatham Islands it grows with Pterostylis banksii and P. silvicultrix in mixed matipo (Myrsine chathamica), ribbonwood (Plagianthus regius subsp. chathamicus), tarahinau (Dracophyllum arboreum) forest.

Current conservation status

The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2022-2023 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) – more information about this can be found on the NZTCS website. This report includes replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Previous assessments can be found here.

  • Conservation status of vascular plants in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2023. 2024. Peter J. de Lange, Jane Gosden, Shannel P. Courtney, Alexander J. Fergus, John W. Barkla, Sarah M. Beadel, Paul D. Champion, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Troy Makan and Pascale Michel Department of Conservation. Source: NZTCS and licensed by DOC for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.

2023 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: Sp, DPR, DPS, DPT, PF

Jump to previous conservation statuses

Threats

Seemingly uncommon and probably biologically sparse, but known habitats are in protected areas.

Detailed taxonomy

Genus

Pterostylis

Family

Orchidaceae

Authority

Pterostylis auriculata Colenso

Synonyms

None

Endemic taxon

Yes

Endemic genus

No

Endemic family

No

Ecology

Flowering

October–November

Fruiting

December

Propagation technique

Difficult—should not be removed from the wild.

Other information

Where To Buy

Not commercially available

Etymology

pterostylis: Winged column

auriculata: Small-eared

Manaaki Whenua Online Interactive Key

Key to native orchids of New Zealand

NVS code

The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database.

PTEAUR

Chromosome number

2n = 44

Previous conservation statuses

The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2022-2023 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) – more information about this can be found on the NZTCS website. This report includes replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Previous assessments can be found here.

  • Conservation status of vascular plants in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2023. 2024. Peter J. de Lange, Jane Gosden, Shannel P. Courtney, Alexander J. Fergus, John W. Barkla, Sarah M. Beadel, Paul D. Champion, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Troy Makan and Pascale Michel Department of Conservation. Source: NZTCS and licensed by DOC for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.

2017 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: DP, Sp

2012 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: Sp

2009 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon

2004 | Data Deficient

Jump to current conservation status

Regional conservation statuses

Otago: 2025 | Regionally Data Deficient

The regional threat classification system leverages off the national assessments in the NZTCS, providing information relevant for the regional context. Otago conservation status information is sourced from the “Conservation Status of Indigenous Vascular Plants in Otago, 2025” Jarvie S et al. (2025) report.

Referencing and citations

References and further reading

Colenso W. 1889: A description of some newly-discovered phaenogamic plants being a further contribution toward making-known the botany of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 22: 459–493.

Attribution

Fact Sheet prepared for NZPCN by P.J. de Lange 14 April 2007: Description modified from Colenso (1889) supplemented with observations made from fresh material (Kapiti and Chatham Islands)

NZPCN Fact Sheet citation

Please cite as: de Lange, P.J. (Year at time of access): Pterostylis auriculata Fact Sheet (content continuously updated). New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/pterostylis-auriculata/ (Date website was queried)

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