Bryonia cretica subsp. dioica
Poisonous plant
NPPA pest plant
Environmental Weed (2024)
Common names
white bryony
Biostatus
Exotic
Category
Vascular
Structural class
Lianes & Related Trailing Plants - Dicotyledons
Flower colours
Green, White
Detailed description
Soft, summer-green, cucumber-like vine to 6 m tall, dying back in autumn to perennial tuber. Tubers brittle, branching, huge; branches 45-160 x 100- 800 cm, oriented vertical to horizontal. Stems arise from end of tuber, soft; with slender, coiling tendrils. Leaves to 15 x 15 cm, thin, 5-lobed, middle lobe longest. Flowers tubular, to 2 cm long, whitish with green stripes. Fruit round, 4-8 mm diam, smooth skinned, succulent, yellow turning red, many-seeded, 5-8 clustered.
Similar taxa
Sicyos australis (mawhai) (indigenous) has prickly 1-seeded fruits. Tamus communis (black Bryony) is also similar.
Habitat
Terrestrial. Disturbed and open forest and shrubland, stream edges
Conservation status
Not applicable
Detailed taxonomy
Family
Cucurbitaceae
Ecology
Flowering
December, January, February
Fruiting
Jan-march
Year naturalised
1991
Origin
Eurasia/Mediterranean
Reason for introduction
Ornamental
Tolerances
Tolerates wet to seasonal drought, warm to cool, variety of soils, semi shade. Poisonous so not browsed.
Life cycle and dispersal
Perennial. Spreads by seeds and vegetatively by tuber fragments. Many seeds contained within each fruit. Tuber fragments can spread via water, soil disturbance, garden refuse. Seed dispersed by birds.
Other information
Etymology
dioica: Two plants
National Pest Plant Accord species
This plant is listed in the 2020 National Pest Plant Accord. The National Pest Plant Accord (NPPA) is an agreement to prevent the sale and/or distribution of specified pest plants where either formal or casual horticultural trade is the most significant way of spreading the plant in New Zealand. For up to date information and an electronic copy of the 2020 Pest Plant Accord manual (including plant information and images) visit the MPI website.
Environmental Weed (2024)
This plant is named in a list of 386 environmental weeds in New Zealand 2024 prepared by DOC. 759 candidate species were considered for inclusion on this new comprehensive list of environmental weeds in New Zealand. The species considered were drawn from published lists of weed species, lists of plants that must be reported or managed by law if observed, existing national and regional programmes and agreements for pest management, and species already managed by the Department of Conservation (DOC). Candidate species were then assessed to see if they were fully naturalised and whether they have more than minor impacts in natural ecosystems. Read the full report here.