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  4. Erythranthe guttata

Erythranthe guttata

Silverstream, Upper Hutt.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 05/04/2006, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Remutaka Rail Trail.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 02/12/2006, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Remutaka Rail Trail.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 02/12/2006, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Mimulus guttatus.<br>Photographer: John Barkla, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Mimulus guttatus.<br>Photographer: John Barkla, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Dunedin, December.<br>Photographer: John Barkla, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Flowering Erythranthe guttata.<br>Photographer: Unknown, Date taken: 12/11/2004, Licence: All rights reserved. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Foliage of Erythranthe guttata.<br>Photographer: Paul Champion, Date taken: 20/08/2004, Licence: All rights reserved. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Flowers of Erythranthe guttata.<br>Photographer: Rohan Wells, Date taken: 20/05/2003, Licence: All rights reserved. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Foliage of Erythranthe guttata.<br>Photographer: Trevor James, Date taken: 10/10/2006, Licence: All rights reserved. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Flowers of Erythranthe guttata.<br>Photographer: Trevor James, Date taken: 20/08/2004, Licence: All rights reserved. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Flowers of Erythranthe guttata.<br>Photographer: Trevor James, Date taken: 20/08/2004, Licence: All rights reserved. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Flowers and foliage of Erythranthe guttata.<br>Photographer: Trevor James, Date taken: 01/01/1980, Licence: All rights reserved. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Environmental Weed

Environmental Weed (2024)

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Common names

monkey musk

Biostatus

Exotic

Category

Vascular

Structural class

Herbs - Dicotyledons other than Composites

Simplified description

A robust soft herb forming bright green leafy clumps or large masses. Plants grown up to 60 cm tall on wet/damp ground. The leaves are sparsely hairy (or not) and corrugated between the viens, and may have a short petiole (or not). The yellow flowers are up to 40 mm long and have red spots/blotches inside the throat of the flower.

Flower colours

Red/Pink, Yellow

Detailed description

Erect perennial herb to 60 cm tall. Rhizomes. Stems thick, stiff, occasionally branched. Leaves opposite, oval, up to 12 x 8 cm, usually hairless, bright green, toothed-edged. Flowers 3 cm diameter, on stalks, yellow with red spots on bearded lower lip, with a long corolla tube, throat closed with five rounded lobes. Seed capsule 1 cm long, 2-valved, with many patterned seeds.

Similar taxa

Similar in appearance to Erythranthe moschata which is a smaller sticky-hairy perennial and does not have red blotches on its flowers. Also similar to E. lutea var. lutea which has more decumbent stems, a glabrous inflorescence.

Distribution

Throughout, although uncommon northwards from Hamilton

Habitat

Lowland to montane regions, alongside streams, rivers, lakes, drains and swamps.

Conservation status

Not applicable

Detailed taxonomy

Family

Phrymaceae

Authority

Erythranthe guttata (DC.) G.L.Nesom

Synonyms

Mimulus guttatus DC.

Ecology

Flowering

November to March

Fruiting

Autumn

Year naturalised

1878

Origin

W. North America

Reason for introduction

Ornamental

Tolerances

Tolerant to hot-cold, wind, semi-shade, most soils.

Control techniques

Included on the Northland Regional Council pest management strategy. Report if found in Northland. Can be controlled manually, mechanically or herbicidally depending on situation.

Life cycle and dispersal

Perennial, reproduces from seed and rhizome fragments. Dispersal by water movement and dumped soil.

Wetland plant indicator status rating

Information derived from the revised national wetland plant list prepared to assist councils in delineating and monitoring wetlands (Clarkson et al., 2021 Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research Contract Report LC3975 for Hawke’s Bay Regional Council). The national plant list categorises plants by the extent to which they are found in wetlands and not ‘drylands’. The indicator status ratings are OBL (obligate wetland), FACW (facultative wetland), FAC (facultative), FACU (facultative upland), and UPL (obligate upland). If you have suggestions for the Wetland Indicator Status Rating, please contact: [Enable JavaScript to view protected content]

OBL: Obligate Wetland

Almost always is a hydrophyte, rarely in uplands (non-wetlands).

Other information

Etymology

guttata: From the Latin guttatus ‘spotted’

Environmental Weed (2024)

This plant is named in a list of 386 environmental weeds in New Zealand 2024 prepared by DOC. 759 candidate species were considered for inclusion on this new comprehensive list of environmental weeds in New Zealand. The species considered were drawn from published lists of weed species, lists of plants that must be reported or managed by law if observed, existing national and regional programmes and agreements for pest management, and species already managed by the Department of Conservation (DOC). Candidate species were then assessed to see if they were fully naturalised and whether they have more than minor impacts in natural ecosystems. Read the full report here.

NVS code

The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database.

ERYGUT

Referencing and citations

References and further reading

Johnson PN, Brooke PA (1989). Wetland plants in New Zealand. DSIR Field Guide, DSIR Publishing, Wellington. 319pp.

Popay et al (2010). An illustrated guide to common weeds of New Zealand, third edition. NZ Plant Protection Society Inc, 416pp.;

Attribution

Factsheet prepared by Paul Champion and Deborah Hofstra (NIWA).

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