Hedychium flavescens
NPPA pest plant
Environmental Weed (2024)
Common names
yellow ginger
Biostatus
Exotic
Category
Vascular
Structural class
Herbs - Monocots
Flower colours
Cream, Yellow
Detailed description
Non-woody perennial to 2.5 m tall, ginger-scented. Rhizomes massive, taro-like, close to ground surface, long, shallow rooted, much-branched, growing over each other forming deep beds. Rhizome segments 4 x 10 cm, each producing an aerial stem usually annually. Stems to 2.5 m, erect, soft, unbranched, thickening to short pinkish collar at base. Leaves alternate, 50 x 10 cm, shiny, pointing upwards. Flowerhead 15 x 10 cm with flowers overlapping in cone-like clusters, cream-coloured, May-Jun. No fruit produced.
Similar taxa
Hedychium gardnerianum (wild ginger) has an open inflorescence, but is difficult to distinguish on vegetative parts alone. H. gardnerianum has shortly petiolate leaves with a small ligule to 1.5 cm. H. flavescens has sessile leaves and a ligule 3.5-5cm long. There are other Hedychium species cultivated, and sparingly naturalised. In particular H. coronarium (white ginger) is very similar but has white rather than cream flowers. Other similar species are Canna sp. and culinary Ginger (Zingiber sp.)
Habitat
Terrestrial. Coastal and lowland habitats. Scrub, forest margins and clearings, roadsides and wastelands.
Conservation status
Not applicable
Detailed taxonomy
Family
Zingiberaceae
Ecology
Flowering
March, April, May, June, July
Year naturalised
1898
Origin
Himalayas
Reason for introduction
Ornamental
Tolerances
Tolerant of poor drainage and semi-shade and slightly tolerant of drought. Physical damage to rhizome causes multiplication. Requires medium to high soil fertility.
Life cycle and dispersal
Perennial. The hermaphrodite flowers are sterile (Landcare Research 4/1993; Timmins & MacKenzie 1995). Reproduces vegetatively from short, stout rhizomes. Fruit not seen in New Zealand. Rhizomes spread slowly outwards. New infestations caused by flooding, soil movement, dumped vegetation, contaminated machinery.
Other information
Etymology
flavescens: Pale yellow
National Pest Plant Accord species
This plant is listed in the 2020 National Pest Plant Accord. The National Pest Plant Accord (NPPA) is an agreement to prevent the sale and/or distribution of specified pest plants where either formal or casual horticultural trade is the most significant way of spreading the plant in New Zealand. For up to date information and an electronic copy of the 2020 Pest Plant Accord manual (including plant information and images) visit the MPI website.
Environmental Weed (2024)
This plant is named in a list of 386 environmental weeds in New Zealand 2024 prepared by DOC. 759 candidate species were considered for inclusion on this new comprehensive list of environmental weeds in New Zealand. The species considered were drawn from published lists of weed species, lists of plants that must be reported or managed by law if observed, existing national and regional programmes and agreements for pest management, and species already managed by the Department of Conservation (DOC). Candidate species were then assessed to see if they were fully naturalised and whether they have more than minor impacts in natural ecosystems. Read the full report here.
NVS code
The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database.
HEDFLA