Nephrolepis cordifolia
NPPA pest plant
Environmental Weed (2024)
Common names
tuber sword fern, tuber ladder fern
Biostatus
Exotic
Category
Vascular
Structural class
Ferns
Detailed description
Terrestrial or epiphytic fern to 1 m. Rhizomes small, erect, scaly, producing many long runners and round, 1–3 cm hairy potato-like tubers (the only fern with tubers). Fronds 40–100 × 5–8 cm, erect (arching when long), pinnae leaflets) serrated.
Similar taxa
The indigenous Nephrolepis flexuosa is similar, fronds to only 65 cm, no tubers, rare (geothermal sites, Raoul). Nephrolepis exaltata (also called Boston fern) a common indoor fern, is occasionally found wild it differs from N. cordifolia by having wider, softer fronds and no tubers.
Habitat
Terrestrial. Open forest, clay banks, track margins, rock outcrops. Lowland sites: rock outcrops, track margins.
Conservation status
Not applicable
Detailed taxonomy
Family
Nephrolepidaceae
Ecology
Year naturalised
1974
Origin
pantropic
Reason for introduction
Ornamental
Life cycle and dispersal
Perennial; reproduces vegetatively by tubers. Dispersed by people sharing plants and dumping garden waste.
Wetland plant indicator status rating
Information derived from the revised national wetland plant list prepared to assist councils in delineating and monitoring wetlands (Clarkson et al., 2021 Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research Contract Report LC3975 for Hawke’s Bay Regional Council). The national plant list categorises plants by the extent to which they are found in wetlands and not ‘drylands’. The indicator status ratings are OBL (obligate wetland), FACW (facultative wetland), FAC (facultative), FACU (facultative upland), and UPL (obligate upland). If you have suggestions for the Wetland Indicator Status Rating, please contact: [Enable JavaScript to view protected content]
FAC: Facultative
Commonly occurs as either a hydrophyte or non-hydrophyte (non-wetlands).
Other information
Etymology
nephrolepis: Kidney scale
National Pest Plant Accord species
This plant is listed in the 2020 National Pest Plant Accord. The National Pest Plant Accord (NPPA) is an agreement to prevent the sale and/or distribution of specified pest plants where either formal or casual horticultural trade is the most significant way of spreading the plant in New Zealand. For up to date information and an electronic copy of the 2020 Pest Plant Accord manual (including plant information and images) visit the MPI website.
Environmental Weed (2024)
This plant is named in a list of 386 environmental weeds in New Zealand 2024 prepared by DOC. 759 candidate species were considered for inclusion on this new comprehensive list of environmental weeds in New Zealand. The species considered were drawn from published lists of weed species, lists of plants that must be reported or managed by law if observed, existing national and regional programmes and agreements for pest management, and species already managed by the Department of Conservation (DOC). Candidate species were then assessed to see if they were fully naturalised and whether they have more than minor impacts in natural ecosystems. Read the full report here.
NVS code
The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database.
NEPCOR