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  4. Phytolacca octandra

Phytolacca octandra

Hutt River Trail north of Stokes Valley, Lower Hutt.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 16/04/2006, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Phytolacca octandra.<br>Photographer: John Smith-Dodsworth, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
Phytolacca octandra.<br>Photographer: John Smith-Dodsworth, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
Phytolacca octandra.<br>Photographer: John Smith-Dodsworth, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
Hutt River Trail north of Stokes Valley, Lower Hutt.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 16/04/2006, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Hutt River north of Stokes Valley, Lower Hutt.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 23/04/2006, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Phytolacca octandra.<br>Photographer: Peter J. de Lange, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Near Raglan, West coast, North Island.<br>Photographer: John Sawyer, Date taken: 01/07/2013, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Near Raglan, west coast, North Island.<br>Photographer: John Sawyer, Date taken: 01/07/2013, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
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Skull and crossbones

Poisonous plant

Common name

inkweed

Family

Phytolaccaceae

Authority

Phytolacca octandra L.

Flora category

Vascular – Exotic

Structural class

Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons

NVS code

The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database.

PHYOCT

Habitat

Terrestrial.

Features

Glabrous, spreading or mainly erect subshrub to approx. 2m tall, with numerous white raphides on stems and lower surface of leaves. Stems softly woody towards base, often reddish. Petioles to 2.5cm long, moderately thick, often reddish. Lamina 4~15 x 1.5~5cm, elliptic or elliptic-ovate; base cuneate to attenuate; apex acute or mucronate. Racmes erect to approx. 7cm at flowering, to 11cm at fruiting; peduncles and very short pedicels mostly granular, becoming crimson at fruiting. Hermaphrodite flowers dense. Bracts 3~4mm long, linear-lanceolate to subulate; bracteoles much smaller. Perianth 5~7mm diam.; tepals accrescent, 2~3mm long, broad-ovate, imbricate, whitish or pale greenish at first, becoming pink to crimson at fruiting. Stamens 8, slightly < perianth; anthers white. Ovary 8-carpellate, green with numerous white raphides. Fruit about 8mm diam. when fresh, depressed globose, with 8 very shining black, very succulent with dark red juice. Seed 2~2.5mm diam., subglobose, glossy black. (-Webb et. al., 1988)

Similar taxa

The plant is a perennial soft-wooded shrub forming round bushes 1.2 - 1.8 metres tall (Hilgendorf 1926). The branches are brittle and the leaves are 8 - 10 cm long (Hilgendorf 1926). The flowers are small and green and inconspicuous (Hilgendorf 1926). The flowers are arranged on upright tapering spikes 12 - 15 cm long (Hilgendorf 1926). The berries are deep purple in colour (almost black) (Hilgendorf 1926). The berries are filled with a rich purple juice (Hilgendorf 1926).

Flowering

November, December, January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August

Flower colours

Green, White

Life cycle

Perennial. The seed is eaten by birds (Hilgendorf 1926; Department of Conservation 1996) and doubtless distributed by them. Silver eyes, pheasants and turkeys are fond of the fruit and cattle and sheep eat the berries (Hilgendorf 1926).

Year naturalised

1867

Origin

trop C&S America

Reason for introduction

Ornamental

Poisonous plant:

All parts of this plant are poisonous especially the spikes on the black berries.

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