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  4. Botrychium lunaria

Botrychium lunaria

Botrychium lunaria.<br>Photographer: John Smith-Dodsworth, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
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Common name

moonwort

Synonyms

Osmunda lunaria L.

Family

Ophioglossaceae

Authority

Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw.

Flora category

Vascular – Native

Endemic taxon

Indeterminate

Endemic genus

No

Endemic family

No

Structural class

Ferns

NVS code

The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database.

BOTLUN

Current conservation status

  • Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017

The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2017 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS). This report includes a statistical summary and brief notes on changes since 2012 and replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Authors: By Peter J. de Lange, Jeremy R. Rolfe, John W. Barkla, Shannel P. Courtney, Paul D. Champion, Leon R. Perrie, Sarah M. Beadel, Kerry A. Ford, Ilse Breitwieser, Ines Schönberger, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Peter B. Heenan and Kate Ladley.

2012 | Threatened – Nationally Critical | Qualifiers: CD, RR, TO

Previous conservation statuses

2009 | Threatened – Nationally Critical | Qualifiers: RR

2004 | Threatened – Nationally Critical

Distribution

Indigenous. New Zealand, South Island, where it is known from Hoary Head and Billies Knob, Kahurangi National Park, North West Nelson. There is also an old gathering made from somewhere on Mt Torlesse, Canterbury. New Zealand plants appear to be the same as the form known from Australia

Habitat

Alpine. Growing in short turf within limestone and marble karst systems

Features

Diminutive fern. Sterile laminae fleshy, pinnate, 10-50 x 5-20 mm, bearing 4-5 pairs of dark green, fan-shaped pinnae. Fertile laminae overtopping sterile. 1-3 times branched, bearing numerous yellow-brown sporangia c.10 mm diam.

Similar taxa

None.

Flowering

Not applicable - spore producing

Flower colours

No flowers

Fruiting

Not applicable - spore producing

Propagation technique

Difficult. Should not be removed from the wild

Threats

First recorded in New Zealand from Mt Torlesse, Canterbury in 1882 it was not seen again until 1980 and 1983 when it was discovered on Hoary Head and Billies Knob on the Mt Arthur and Mt Owen Ranges of Kahurangi National Park. At neither location is it common, and it remains vulnerable to browsing animals, weeds and from human recreational activities such as caving and tramping. It is very vulnerable to plant collectors.

Etymology

botrychium: Bunch of grapes; from the Greek botrus; grape like spore clusters

Where To Buy

Not Commercially Available.

Taxonomic Notes

de Lange et al. (2009) treat this fern as Botrychium aff. lunaria. This is because New Zealand and Australian plants (which seem to be the conspecific) appear to be distinct from the northern hemisphere form of B. lunaria (which is where the type specimen comes from). Urgent research is needed to determine the exact relationship of this highly threatened fern to B. lunaria sens. strict.

Attribution

Fact Sheet by P.J. de Lange 6 June 2005. Description from Brownsey & Smith-Dodsworth (2000).

References and further reading

Brownsey, P.J.; Smith-Dodsworth, J.C. 2000: New Zealand ferns and allied plants. David Bateman Ltd, Auckland

de Lange, P.J.; Norton, D.A.; Courtney, S.P.; Heenan, P.B.; Barkla, J.W.; Cameron, E.K.; Hitchmough, R.; Townsend, A.J. 2009: Threatened and uncommon plants of New Zealand (2008 revision). New Zealand Journal of Botany 47: 61–96.

Citation

Please cite as: de Lange, P.J. (Year at time of access): Botrychium lunaria Fact Sheet (content continuously updated). New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/botrychium-lunaria/ (Date website was queried)

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