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  4. Sporadanthus ferrugineus

Sporadanthus ferrugineus

Kopouatai Peat Dome.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 17/07/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>.
Male flowers.<br>Photographer: Peter J. de Lange, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
Sporodanthus.<br>Photographer: Peter J. de Lange, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
Hauraki Swamp.<br>Photographer: John Smith-Dodsworth, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
Kopouatai Peat Dome.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 17/07/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>.
Kopouatai Peat Dome.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 17/07/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>.
Kopouatai Peat Dome.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 17/07/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>.
Kopouatai Peat Dome.<br>Photographer: Jeremy R. Rolfe, Date taken: 17/07/2007, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>.
Swollen base tissue, Kopouatai, January 1998.<br>Photographer: Peter J. de Lange, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
Kopouatai, January 1998.<br>Photographer: Peter J. de Lange, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
Male flowers.<br>Photographer: Peter J. de Lange, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
Female flowers.<br>Photographer: Peter J. de Lange, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
Kopouatai Peat Dome. Oct 1981.<br>Photographer: Colin C. Ogle, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
Sporadanthus ferrugineus (inflorescence).<br>Photographer: Wayne Bennett, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
Sporadanthus ferrugineus at Torehape.<br>Photographer: Wayne Bennett, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
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Common name

bamboo rush, giant wire rush

Synonyms

None (described in 1999)

Family

Restionaceae

Authority

Sporadanthus ferrugineus de Lange, Heenan, et B.D.Clarkson

Flora category

Vascular – Native

Endemic taxon

Yes

Endemic genus

No

Endemic family

No

Structural class

Rushes & Allied Plants

Chromosome number

2n = 18

Current conservation status

  • Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017

The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2017 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS). This report includes a statistical summary and brief notes on changes since 2012 and replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Authors: By Peter J. de Lange, Jeremy R. Rolfe, John W. Barkla, Shannel P. Courtney, Paul D. Champion, Leon R. Perrie, Sarah M. Beadel, Kerry A. Ford, Ilse Breitwieser, Ines Schönberger, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Peter B. Heenan and Kate Ladley.

2012 | At Risk – Relict

Previous conservation statuses

2009 | At Risk – Relict | Qualifiers: CD, De, RR

2004 | Range Restricted

Distribution

Endemic. New Zealand: North Island (Waikato - formerly Kaitaia)

Habitat

Lowland, oligotrophic, high moor, restiad bogs.

Features

Robust, dioecious perennial, 1–6 m high, forming dense rafts. Rhizome 10-15 mm diameter, horizontal, branched. Roots 3–5 × 250-300 mm, white. Culms up to 6 m tall, 10-15 mm diameter, brittle, rigid, upright, terete to subterete, smooth or slightly grooved, glaucous green when young, maturing red-brown or yellow-brown; branched in upper 2/3; branches numerous, slender, firm, flexible, upright; basal 140-200 mm of culm conspicuously swollen with soft, spongy, light brown tissue. Culm base with 3-7 loosely appressed, overlapping scales; scales 10-50 × 15-40 mm, ovate to broadly ovate, coriaceous, light brown to brown, apex rounded and mucronate. Leaves along culm solitary, distant, tightly appressed; lamina 15-50 × 15-50 mm, ovate to broadly ovate, brown to dark brown, fading to grey; basal leaves pectinate, upper leaf margins entire or fractured; apex rounded, mucronate. Inflorescence a terminal panicle up to 150 mm long , red-brown, upright to spreading, sometimes drooping; male inflorescence dense, crowded; female inflorescence sparse, diffuse. Flowers pedicellate to almost sessile. Tepals 6, in 2 whorls of 3, 2.0-3.0 × 0.4-0.5 mm, subulate to lanceolate, light brown to yellow-brown, channelled, apex acute to weakly acuminate, mucronate. Stipe 0.6–0.8 mm long . Male flowers with 3 stamens; filaments 1.8–2 .0 mm long, anthers 1.0-1.3 × 0.2-0.4 mm, cream, pollen yellow; pistil rudimentary. Female flowers with 1 pistil; style 0.8–1 .3 mm long, pink, papillose on upper surface, decurrent with ovary on lower surface; ovary 0.3–0.7 x 0.2–0.6 mm, ± globose, amber to dark brown, vertical groove on upper surface; staminodes 3, each 0.5-0.8 mm long. Fruit 1.2-1.5 × 0.5-0.7 mm, narrowly ellipsoid, sides dark brown, suture light brown to cream-brown, surmounted by persistent, long style; dehiscing along lower suture . Seed 0.7-0.8 × 0.5-0.6 mm, shortly oblong to broadly ovate, light orange-brown when fresh fading to light brown.

Similar taxa

Distinguished from Sporadanthus traversii by the culms which are 10-15 mm cf. 1-5 mm; tepals not keeled, mucronate, rather than keeled and acuminate, and 2-3 mm cf. 4–6 mm long; by the dehiscent ellipsoid rather than oblong-ellipsoid fruit, 1.0-1.5 mm cf. 3.0-3.5 mm long; and seeds which are 0.7–0.8 × 0.5–0.6 mm cf. 1.2–1.5 × 0.9-1.0 mm long.

Flowering

October - December

Flower colours

Brown, Yellow

Fruiting

November - January

Propagation technique

Easy from seed. Can be grown in most soils but inclined to be rather slow. Resents competition and root disturbance.

Threats

Threatened in the past by wetland drainage, which eliminated the species from 95% of its known range by 1970. Today confined toTorehape, Kopouatai and Moanatuatua. Of these Moanatuatua is no longer a truly viable, functioning system and Torehape is being restored, but only Kopouatai truly preserves the Sporadanthus dominated raised bog ecosystem intact. All three populations remain highly vulnerable to fire - itself an issue as there is good evidence that fires are necessary to maintain the species but it is also clear that excessive burning will eliminate it.

Attribution

Fact sheet prepared for NZPCN by P.J. de Lange 18 January 2005. Description adapted from de Lange et al. (1999).

References and further reading

de Lange, P.J.; Heenan, P.B.; Clarkson, B.D.; Clarkson, B.R. 1999: Taxonomy, ecology, and conservation of Sporadanthus (Restionaceae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 37: 413–431

NZPCN Fact Sheet citation

Please cite as: de Lange, P.J. (Year at time of access): Sporadanthus ferrugineus Fact Sheet (content continuously updated). New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/sporadanthus-ferrugineus/ (Date website was queried)

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