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  4. Tmesipteris horomaka

Tmesipteris horomaka

Banks Peninsula.<br>Photographer: Leon R. Perrie, Licence: All rights reserved.
Banks Peninsula.<br>Photographer: Leon R. Perrie, Licence: All rights reserved.
Banks Peninsula.<br>Photographer: Leon R. Perrie, Licence: All rights reserved.
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Common name

Banks Peninsula fork fern

Synonyms

None (first described in 2010)

Family

Psilotaceae

Authority

Tmesipteris horomaka Perrie, Brownsey, et Lovis

Flora category

Vascular – Native

Endemic taxon

Yes

Endemic genus

No

Endemic family

No

Structural class

Ferns

Chromosome number

2n = c.416

Current conservation status

  • Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017

The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2017 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS). This report includes a statistical summary and brief notes on changes since 2012 and replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Authors: By Peter J. de Lange, Jeremy R. Rolfe, John W. Barkla, Shannel P. Courtney, Paul D. Champion, Leon R. Perrie, Sarah M. Beadel, Kerry A. Ford, Ilse Breitwieser, Ines Schönberger, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Peter B. Heenan and Kate Ladley.

2018 | Threatened – Nationally Endangered

Previous conservation statuses

2012 | Threatened – Nationally Critical | Qualifiers: RR

2009 | Threatened – Nationally Critical | Qualifiers: DP, OL

2004 | Threatened – Nationally Critical

Distribution

Endemic. New Zealand: South Island, Banks Peninsula

Habitat

An epiphyte mostly found on the trunks of the tree ferns ponga (Cyathea dealbata), Smith’s tree fern (C. smithii) and wheki (Dicksonia squarrosa) within enclosed forest. It has also been collected once within the rich peaty soil produced by a species of harakeke/flax (Phormium sp.) growing on a cliff face.

Features

Epiphytic or rarely terrestrial plants. Aerial stems pendulous, 70-510 mm long, not known to branch within the leafy part of the stem. Leaves spirally arranged, narrowly oblong to narrowly ovate, linear to falcate(-sigmoid), 10-25 x 2.5-6.5 mm; apex emarginate, truncate or cuspidate, with mucro 1-2 mm long. Synangia 2.5-6 x 1-2 mm, rounded to slightly biconic, with the lower surface of the sporangia appressed along all or most of their length to the subtending leaf margin, and points where present projecting laterally. Spores 71-83 x 35-39 microns. Description adapted from Perrie et al. (2010).

Similar taxa

Tmesipteris horomaka is distinguished from T. elongata by its emarginate to truncate leaf apices and from T. tannensis by its more rounded synangia that do not project upwards from their subtending leaf. Tmesipteris horomaka is also distinguished from both these species by its octoploid chromosome number and generally larger spore size.

Flowering

Not applicable - spore producing

Flower colours

No flowers

Fruiting

Not applicable - spore producing

Propagation technique

Difficult - should not be removed from the wild.

Threats

Currently known from 11 sites and an estimated c.75 plants based on the eight populations visited by Perrie et al. (2010). Therefore Tmesipteris horomaka easily qualifies for Threatened/Nationally Critical as there are less 250 mature individuals known. On the advice of Leon Perrie Tmesipteris horomaka had already been listed as Nationally Critical by de Lange et al. (2009) under the name Tmesipteris aff. tannensis (CHR 496779; Banks Peninsula) .

Etymology

tmesipteris: From the Greek tmesis (cutting) and pteris (fern), alluding to the forked appendages on fertile fronds

Where to Buy

Not commercially available.


Tmesipteris horomaka

Attribution

Fact sheet prepared for the NZPCN by\ P.J. de Lange (5 May 2010).

References and further reading

de Lange, P.J.; Norton, D.A.; Courtney, S.P.; Heenan, P.B.; Barkla, J.W.; Cameron, E.K.; Hitchmough, R.; Townsend, A.J. 2009: Threatened and uncommon plants New Zealand Journal of Botany 47: 61–96.

Perrie, L.R.; Brownsey, P.J.; Lovis, J.D. 2010: Tmesipteris horomaka, a new octoploid species from Banks Peninsula. New Zealand Journal of Botany 48: 15-29.

Townsend, A.J.; de Lange, P.J.; Norton, D.A.; Molloy, J.; Miskelly, C.; Duffy, C. 2008: The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Wellington, Department of Conservation.

NZPCN Fact Sheet citation

Please cite as: de Lange, P.J. (Year at time of access): Tmesipteris horomaka Fact Sheet (content continuously updated). New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/tmesipteris-horomaka/ (Date website was queried)

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