Kunzea sinclairii
Common names
Great Barrier Island kānuka
Biostatus
Native – Endemic taxon
Category
Vascular
Structural class
Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons
Simplified description
Sprawling silvery-grey shrub (rarely a small tree) naturally confined to Great Barrier Island (Aotea Island). Branches trailing, covered in masses of broad silvery grey, hairy leaves and clusters of white flowers with red centres. Leaves silvery grey, broad, 5.6–20.6 × 2.0–4.5 mm, softly hairy. Flowers produced in dense corymbiform racemes, 5.7–10.2 mm diameter. Fruit a dry, greyish, hairy capsule 2.2–3.6 × 2.7–3.9 mm.
Flower colours
White
Detailed description
Mostly decumbent, trailing, silvery grey to grey, shrubs up to 3 × 1 m, very rarely forming trees up to 6 m tall; irrespective of stature, branches widely spreading and densely leafy, sometimes rooting on contact with soil or rock. Trunk 1–4, 0.05–0.16 m d.b.h. Bark dark brown to grey-brown, coarsely stringy to tessellated and distinctly corky-coriaceous, usually firmly attached, if detaching, then usually doing so along transverse cracks. Branches numerous, prostrate and widely spreading, new growth subscandent (in tree forms this habit is retained resulting in arching, pendulous branches); branchlets numerous, widely spreading to subscandent, often coarsely interwoven, leaves usually densely crowded along stems; branchlets sericeous, indumentum copious, silky, hairs antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose up to 0.06 mm long. Leaves heterophyllous, mostly sessile, sometimes shortly petiolate (up to 1.6 mm long). Seedling and juvenile leaves dark green to glaucous, glabrous up to 25.0 × 3.5 mm, oblanceolate to lanceolate, apex acute, base attenuate. Mature leaf lamina 5.6–20.6 × 2.0–4.5 mm, initially silvery-white (due to dense hair covering), maturing silvery-grey to reddish grey (as some hairs are shed); lamina broadly lanceolate, elliptic to obovate, rarely oblong-obovate, apex sharply acute, often cuspidate, base attenuate; hairs of midribs and margins converging at leaf apex. Inflorescence a compact, corymbiform 4–20-flowered botryum 7.0–20.0 mm long; on occasion inflorescences may form elongated botrya on late season vegetative growth. Inflorescence axis densely invested with antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose, silky hairs. Pherophylls deciduous, rarely present at flowering; foliose pherophylls 1.0–1.2 × 0.2–0.4 mm, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, very rarely broadly spathulate, cuspidate, copiously invested in sericeous, antrorse-appressed hairs; squamiform pherophylls 0.3–1.0 × 0.4–0.8 mm, broadly to narrowly ovate or lanceolate, apex acute, subacute to obtuse, margins finely ciliate. Pedicels 2.8–7.3 mm long, invested with silky, antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose, hairs becoming glabrate. Flower buds 2.3–4.9 × 2.1–4.2 mm, ovoid to pyriform, apex flat to weakly domed prior to bud burst with calyx lobes held flat across surface, rarely meeting. Flowers 5.7–10.2 mm diameter. Hypanthium 1.9–3.6 × 2.1–4.2 mm, silvery-white to silvery grey or reddish-grey due to copious covering of hairs; narrowly obconic to obconic or cupular, surface covered in long, silky, antrorse-appressed silvery hairs. Calyx lobes 5, erect to suberect, or spreading, 1.1–1.6 × 0.9–1.8 mm, broadly obtuse, red-green to pale green with a white or pink membranous margin; lobe margins finely ciliate. Receptacle greenish pink or pink at anthesis, darkening to crimson after fertilisation. Petals 5–6, 2.0–3.6 × 2.1–3.3 mm, white, very rarely basally flushed pink, broadly ovate, suborbicular to orbicular, rarely ± cuneate-truncate, apex rounded, margins ± finely and irregularly crumpled or frayed, oil glands not evident in fresh or dried material. Stamens 18–46 in 1–2 weakly defined whorls, filaments white. Anthers dorsifixed, 0.06–0.1 × 0.06–0.09 mm, broadly ellipsoid to scutiform, latrorse. Pollen white. Anther connective gland pale pink when fresh, drying pale orange, spheroidal, coarsely papillate. Ovary 3–5 locular, each with 18–34 ovules in two rows on each placental lobe. Style 1.8–3.0 mm long at anthesis, white basally flushed pink or pale pink; stigma narrowly capitate, as wide as or scarcely wider than style, ± flat, greenish-pink or pink, flushing red after anthesis, surface finely granular-papillate. Fruits 2.2–3.6 × 2.7–3.9 mm, graphite grey, maturing to charcoal fading to greyish-white; narrowly obconic to obconic, rarely cupular, copiously covered in short, silky, antrorse-appressed hairs. Seeds 0.52–1.09 × 0.38–0.72 mm, obovoid, oblong, or oblong-ellipsoid; testa semi-glossy, orange-brown to dark brown, surface coarsely reticulate.
Similar taxa
Readily distinguished from the other members of the Kunzea ericoides complex by its generally decumbent growth form, and by the rather broad leaves which are densely covered in silky, silvery grey hairs (see de Lange 2014).
Distribution
Endemic. New Zealand: Great Barrier Island (Aotea Island), where it is known only from the central portion of the island (de Lange & Norton 2004).
Habitat
Rhyolite endemic, largely confined to exposed outcrops of this rock on the central portion of the island but also extending down gorges and in open clay pans and low windswept scrub in places formerly forested (see de Lange & Norton 2004).
Current conservation status
The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2022-2023 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) – more information about this can be found on the NZTCS website. This report includes replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Previous assessments can be found here.
Please note, threat classifications are often suggested by authors when publications fall between NZTCS assessment periods – these interim threat classification statuses has not been assessed by the NZTCS panel.
- Conservation status of vascular plants in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2023. 2024. Peter J. de Lange, Jane Gosden, Shannel P. Courtney, Alexander J. Fergus, John W. Barkla, Sarah M. Beadel, Paul D. Champion, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Troy Makan and Pascale Michel Department of Conservation. Source: NZTCS and licensed by DOC for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.
2023 | Threatened – Nationally Vulnerable | Qualifiers: DPT, IE, RR
Threats
Common within open rhyolite rock habitat (90.5 ha (0.3 %) of the island (de Lange & Norton (2004)). As a consequence of past kauri logging, and associated burning, this species has extended its range to include open clay pans, windswept ridges tops, kauri log scoured gorges and other temporarily open sites. In these areas the species is declining through natural regeneration, and in many of these sites it is out-numbered by the hybrid K. robusta × Kunzea sinclairii. This hybrid though common does not pose a risk; ecological and genetic studies suggest hybrids are declining in abundance as a consequence of natural succession to taller forest (de Lange & Norton 2004).
Detailed taxonomy
Family
Myrtaceae
Synonyms
Leptospermum sinclairii Kirk; Leptospermum ericoides var. pubescens Kirk
Endemic taxon
Yes
Endemic genus
No
Endemic family
No
Ecology
Flowering
September–January
Fruiting
February–July
Life cycle and dispersal
Seeds are dispersed by wind and possibly water (Thorsen et al., 2009).
Propagation technique
Easily grown from fresh seed. Can be grown with extreme difficulty from semi-hardwood and hardwood cuttings.
Other information
Where To Buy
Occasionally sold in garden centres.
Etymology
kunzea: Named after Gustav Kunze (4 October 1793, Leipzig -30 April 1851), 19th century German botanist from Leipzig who was a German professor of zoology, an entomologist with an interest mainly in ferns and orchids
sinclairii: After Sinclair (c. 1796–1861). Colonial Secretary and naturalist.
Manaaki Whenua Online Interactive Key
NVS code
The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database.
KUNSIN
Chromosome number
2n = 22
Previous conservation statuses
2017 | Threatened – Nationally Critical | Qualifiers: DP, IE, RR
2012 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: IE, RR
2009 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: IE
2004 | Range Restricted
Referencing and citations
References and further reading
de Lange PJ. 2014. A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex. Phytokeys 40: 185 p. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.40.7973.
de Lange PJ, Norton DA. 2004. The ecology and conservation of Kunzea sinclairii (Myrtaceae), a naturally rare plant of rhyolitic rock outcrops. Biological Conservation 117(1): 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00262-3.
de Lange PJ, Rolfe JR, Barkla JW, Courtney SP, Champion PD, Perrie LR, Beadel SM, Ford KA, Breitwieser I, Schönberger I, Hindmarsh-Walls R, Heenan PB, Ladley K. 2018. Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017. New Zealand Threat Classification Series 22. Department of Conservation, Wellington, NZ. 82 p. https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/nztcs22entire.pdf.
Thorsen MJ, Dickinson KJM, Seddon PJ. 2009. Seed dispersal systems in the New Zealand flora. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 11: 285–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2009.06.001.
Attribution
Fact Sheet prepared for NZPCN by P.J. de Lange 1 September 2014. Description modified from de Lange (2014).
NZPCN Fact Sheet citation
Please cite as: de Lange, P.J. (Year at time of access): Kunzea sinclairii Fact Sheet (content continuously updated). New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/kunzea-sinclairii/ (Date website was queried)