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  4. Carmichaelia hollowayi

Carmichaelia hollowayi

In flower.<br>Photographer: John Barkla, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Guards Road, Kurou.<br>Photographer: Peter B. Heenan, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
In flower.<br>Photographer: John Barkla, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
In flower.<br>Photographer: John Barkla, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Gard Rd, Waitaki Valley.<br>Photographer: John Barkla, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Pods and seed.<br>Photographer: John Barkla, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'>CC BY</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
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Common name

Holloway’s broom

Synonyms

None

Family

Fabaceae

Authority

Carmichaelia hollowayi G.Simpson

Flora category

Vascular – Native

Endemic taxon

Yes

Endemic genus

No

Endemic family

No

Structural class

Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons

NVS code

The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database.

CARHOL

Chromosome number

2n = 32

Current conservation status

  • Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017

The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2017 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS). This report includes a statistical summary and brief notes on changes since 2012 and replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Authors: By Peter J. de Lange, Jeremy R. Rolfe, John W. Barkla, Shannel P. Courtney, Paul D. Champion, Leon R. Perrie, Sarah M. Beadel, Kerry A. Ford, Ilse Breitwieser, Ines Schönberger, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Peter B. Heenan and Kate Ladley.

2012 | Threatened – Nationally Critical | Qualifiers: CD, RF, RR

Previous conservation statuses

2009 | Threatened – Nationally Critical | Qualifiers: CD, RF, RR

2004 | Threatened – Nationally Critical

Brief description

Rare low-growing shrub with many yellowish erect leafless orange-tipped branches inhabiting limestone in the Waitaki Valley. Branches 3.5mm wide, with rounded tip. Flowers small, pea-like, white with dark purple centre, in small clusters. Fruit a long-lasting sharp-tipped dry pod containing 1-3 hard olive seeds.

Distribution

Endemic. South Island, where it is only known from limestone outcrops on the south bank of the Waitaki River.

Habitat

Limestone bluffs, outcrops, colluvium and their associated rendzina soils.

Features

Dwarf, suckering broom, up to 0.5 x 1(-2) m. Branches 10-30 mm diam., stout, horizontal, spreading, cladodes virtually leafless, 50-80(-100) x 3.5 mm, erect to spreading, yellow-green, apex rounded, never sharp-tipped. Leaves when present, simple, 4.5-12.5 x 1.8-4.5 mm, obovate to oblanceolate, green. Inflorescence a (1-)2-3-flowered raceme, flowers dark purple. Standard 7-8 x 7-8 mm, broad-orbicular, erect, purple or red-purple, margins white. Wings 5.5-6.5 x 2.5-3 mm, oblong, white, purple veined, keel 5 x 3.5 mm, distally tinged purple otherwise white or purple-veined. Pods long persistent, 8-11 x 4.8-6 mm, broad elliptic, laterally compressed, valves very flat. Seeds 2.5-2.9 x 2.4-2.6 mm, reniform, 1(-2) per pod, yellow-green or green with black mottling.

Similar taxa

Carmichaelia hollowayi is identified by the pod, which is conspicuously laterally compressed and by the cladode apex which is rounded rather than sharp-tipped like Waitaki forms of C. petriei Kirk and C. australis R.Br. It is one of three native brooms (the others are C. astonii G.Simpson and C. glabrescens (Petrie) Heenan) naturally confined to limestone rock and associated soils.

Flowering

November - December

Flower colours

Violet/Purple, White

Fruiting

January - May

Life cycle

Seeds are possibly dispersed by wind and granivory (Thorsen et al., 2009).

Propagation technique

Easily grown from fresh seed. Can also be grown by hardwood cuttings but these can be slow to take root. Plants will not tolerate humid conditions, and require a sunny, well drained, fertile soil.

Threats

There are less than 250 adult plants in the wild found in three populations. Because the species suckers, exact numbers of adult plants cannot be determined and it is likely than there are far fewer than currently believed. Although two of the three known populations occur on protected or covenanted land, the species remains at serious risk at all sites from browsing animals and from competition by tall grasses, shrubs and hawkweeds. Aside from these issues recruitment failure (in part linked to weed control) seems to be critical problem.

Etymology

carmichaelia: After Carmichael, a botanist

Attribution

Fact sheet prepared for NZPCN by P.J. de Lange 1 October 2003. Description adapted from Heenan (1995) - see also de Lange et al. (2010).

References and further reading

de Lange, P.J.; Heenan, P.B.; Norton, D.A.; Rolfe, J.R.; Sawyer, J.W.D. 2010: Threatened Plants of New Zealand. Christchurch, Canterbury University Press. 471pp.

Heenan, P. B. 1995: A taxonomic revision of Carmichaelia (Fabaceae-Galegeae) in New Zealand (part I). New Zealand Journal of Botany 33: 455-475.

Thorsen, M. J.; Dickinson, K. J. M.; Seddon, P. J. 2009. Seed dispersal systems in the New Zealand flora. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 2009 Vol. 11 No. 4 pp. 285-309

NZPCN Fact Sheet citation

Please cite as: de Lange, P.J. (Year at time of access): Carmichaelia hollowayi Fact Sheet (content continuously updated). New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/carmichaelia-hollowayi/ (Date website was queried)

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