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  4. Carmichaelia monroi

Carmichaelia monroi

Photographer: Melissa Hutchison, Date taken: 26/09/2009, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Rachael Range.<br>Photographer: Gillian M. Crowcroft, Licence: All rights reserved. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Rachael Range, Molesworth.<br>Photographer: Gillian M. Crowcroft, Licence: All rights reserved. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Photographer: Melissa Hutchison, Date taken: 07/05/2022, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Photographer: Melissa Hutchison, Date taken: 01/11/2020, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Photographer: Melissa Hutchison, Date taken: 21/09/2019, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Photographer: Melissa Hutchison, Date taken: 09/02/2013, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>. <a class='member-message' href='/nzpcn/why-join-nzpcn/' target='_blank'>Members can view a larger version of this image.</a>
Shot of Carmichaelia.<br>Photographer: Alastair Robertson, Licence: All rights reserved.
MacKenzie pass. November.<br>Photographer: John Smith-Dodsworth, Licence: <a target='_blank' href='https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'>CC BY-NC</a>.
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Common names

stout dwarf broom

Biostatus

Native – Endemic taxon

Category

Vascular

Structural class

Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons

Simplified description

Rare, very low-growing leafless shrub consisting of erect flattened yellow-green branches with a blunt orange or red tip. Branches 3–5mm wide, grooved, blunt-tipped. Flowers pea-like, pink with dark purple centre, base hairy, in clusters. Fruit a dry pod with hard seeds and which do not split open.

Flower colours

Violet/Purple, White

Detailed description

Dwarf, spreading shrub, up to 0.15–0.25 × 0.40–1.00 m. Branches stout, ascending and horizontal, 10–35 mm diameter. Cladodes linear, striate, compressed, erect to spreading, green to green-bronze, often hairy when young, glabrous at maturity, 22–75 × 2–6 mm; apex obtuse, yellow, green, bronze, or red; leaf nodes 2–4. Leaves simple, oblanceolate, fleshy, green to green-bronze, present on seedlings and occasionally mature plants, 5.0–8.0 × 2.0–4.5 mm; both surfaces with scattered hairs; apex emarginate to retuse; base cuneate; petiole glabrous or sparsely hairy, 1.5–2 mm long. Leaves on cladodes reduced to a scale, broadly triangular, glabrous, 0.5–0.6 × 0.9–1.1 mm; apex obtuse. Stipules free, broad-triangular, 0.25–0.40 × 0.75–0.90 mm; upper surface glabrous; lower surface hairy, becoming glabrous with age; apex subacute; margin hairy. Inflorescence a raceme 1–2 per node, each with 1–3 flowers. Peduncle hairy, green, 6–8 mm long. Bracts triangular, glabrous, pale green to tan, < 0.5 mm long; apex acute; margin hairy. Pedicel hairy, pale green, 3–4 mm long. Bracteoles at base of calyx sometimes absent, glabrous, < 0.4 mm long; apex subacute; margin hairy. Calyx campanulate, 2.5–3.0 × c. 2.0 mm; inner surface glabrous, green; outer surface hairy, green. Calyx lobes triangular, green and often flushed red, < 1 mm long; outer surface densely hairy; apex acute, often black; margin hairy. Standard obovate, patent when young, reflexed at maturity, positioned at proximal area of keel, keeled, 6-7 × 5-6 mm; distal and central areas of upper surface purple, proximal area pale green, margins white, sometimes purple-veined; distal and central area of lower surface white, proximal area pale green, sometimes purple-veined; apex retuse; margins recurved; claw pale green, c. 3 mm long. Wings oblong, shorter than keel, 7–8 × c. 2 mm; distal and central areas of adaxial surface purple, proximal area green; distal and central areas of abaxial surface white, proximal area pale green; auricle triangular, pale green, apex subacute, c. 1 mm long; claw pale green, c. 2 mm long. Keel 8.5–10.0 × 3.0–4.0 mm; distal and central areas of upper surface purple, proximal area pale green; auricle triangular, pale green, with subacute apex, c. 1.5 mm long; claw pale green, 3.0–3.5 mm long. Stamens 8.5–10.0 mm long; lower filaments connate for c. ⅔ length and outside filaments free for 2.5–3.5 mm. Pistil slightly exserted beyond stamens, 8.5–11.0 mm long; style bearded on upper surface; ovary weakly falcate, glabrous; ovules 11–12. Pod oblong or oblanceolate, laterally compressed, often weakly falcate, brown, dark brown, or black, usually indehiscent, 11.0–15.0 × 3.5–5.5 mm; beak on adaxial suture, stout, pungent, < 1 mm long. Seeds oblong-reniform, 3–11 per pod, dull yellow or orange, brown-green, or olive green, often with black mottling, 2.0–2.5 × 1.5–2.0 mm.

Similar taxa

C. monroi is similar to C. astonii G.Simpson and C. vexillata Heenan. From C. astonii it is distinguished by its smaller habit, cladodes, and flowers; and from C. vexillata by the triangular or broad-triangular stipules.

Distribution

Endemic. New Zealand: South Island (Marlborough and Canterbury).

Habitat

Inhabiting stable slopes, terraces, eyots within braided river; also amongst loose rock, scree debris, and eroding soils at the interface between rock outcrops and unstable scree and the adjacent tussock and shrub vegetation.

Current conservation status

The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2022-2023 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) – more information about this can be found on the NZTCS website. This report includes replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Previous assessments can be found here.

  • Conservation status of vascular plants in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2023. 2024. Peter J. de Lange, Jane Gosden, Shannel P. Courtney, Alexander J. Fergus, John W. Barkla, Sarah M. Beadel, Paul D. Champion, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Troy Makan and Pascale Michel Department of Conservation. Source: NZTCS and licensed by DOC for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.

2023 | At Risk – Declining | Qualifiers: DPS, DPT, RF

Jump to previous conservation statuses

Detailed taxonomy

Genus

Carmichaelia

Family

Fabaceae

Authority

Carmichaelia monroi Hook.f.

Synonyms

Carmichaelia monroi var. longecarinata G.Simpson

Endemic taxon

Yes

Endemic genus

No

Endemic family

No

Ecology

Flowering

November–January

Fruiting

December–May

Life cycle and dispersal

Seeds are possibly dispersed by wind and granivory (Thorsen et al., 2009).

Propagation technique

Easily grown from seed and hardwood cuttings. A beautiful shrub, which deserves wider cultivation.

Other information

Where To Buy

Not Commercially available.

Etymology

carmichaelia: After Carmichael, a botanist

monroi: Named after Sir David Monro who was a 19th century New Zealand politician

NVS code

The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database.

CRMMON

Chromosome number

2n = 32

Previous conservation statuses

The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2022-2023 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) – more information about this can be found on the NZTCS website. This report includes replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Previous assessments can be found here.

  • Conservation status of vascular plants in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2023. 2024. Peter J. de Lange, Jane Gosden, Shannel P. Courtney, Alexander J. Fergus, John W. Barkla, Sarah M. Beadel, Paul D. Champion, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Troy Makan and Pascale Michel Department of Conservation. Source: NZTCS and licensed by DOC for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.

2017 | At Risk – Declining | Qualifiers: DP

2012 | Not Threatened

2009 | Not Threatened

2004 | Not Threatened

Jump to current conservation status

Regional conservation statuses

Otago: 2025 | Regionally Threatened – Regionally Critical | Qualifiers: NR, RF, Sp

The regional threat classification system leverages off the national assessments in the NZTCS, providing information relevant for the regional context. Otago conservation status information is sourced from the “Conservation Status of Indigenous Vascular Plants in Otago, 2025” Jarvie S et al. (2025) report.

Referencing and citations

References and further reading

Heenan PB. 1995. A taxonomic revision of Carmichaelia (Fabaceae - Galegeae) in New Zealand (part I). New Zealand Journal of Botany 33(4): 455–475. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1995.10410618.

Thorsen MJ, Dickinson KJM, Seddon PJ. 2009. Seed dispersal systems in the New Zealand flora. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 11: 285–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2009.06.001.

Attribution

Description adapted from Heenan (1995).

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