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barbellate

Barbed, having or covered with protective barbs or quills or spines or thorns or setae.

basal

At the base.

basiscopic

Pointing towards the base.

Basiscopic pinnae (arrowed) at the base of a Blechnum procerum frond. Photographer: Jeremy Rolfe

beak

A prominent extension of an organ.

bifid

Deeply split into two lobes.

bifurcate

Divided into two.

biosecurity

Preventing, eradicating, controlling and managing risks posed by pests and diseases.

biotic

Pertaining to the living parts of the environment.

bipinnate

With each primary pinna divided to the midrib into a secondary pinna.

Bipinnate frond of Polystichum neozelandicum subsp. zerophyllum.

biserrate

Doubly serrate.

Biserrate leaves of Aristotelia serrata (wineberry). Photographer: Tony Foster
Illustration of biserrate leaf edge. Photographer: Illustration by Sue Wickison

blade

The flattened part of a leaf.

blunt

Not pointed at the ends.

bog

A quagmire covered with specialised plants including sphagnum moss, grasses, sedges, rushes, sundews, umbrella ferns and other plants; has wet, spongy ground, a marsh-plant community on wet, very acid peat. Fed only by rainfall.

bottleneck

A genetic term; refers to the fact that in smaller populations there could be lower genetic variability.

brachyblasts

Short shoots.

Short shoots of Olearia lineata. Photographer: Tony Foster
Short shoots of Olearia lineata. Photographer: Tony Foster

bract

A reduced leaf or leaf-like structure at the base of a flower.

A bract of Pittosporum umbellatum. Photographer: Tony Foster

bracteate

Bearing bracts: leaves or leaf-like structure reduced at the base of a flower.

bracteolate

With small bracts.

bracteole

A small bract.

bracteoles

Bracts directly below the flower.

brevideciduous

Brief (1 month or less) loss of most leaves from the canopy just before flowering or during flushing of a new cohort of leaves.

bryophyte

Plant group including mosses, liverworts and hornworts.

bryophytes

Plant group including mosses, liverworts and hornworts.

bulbil

A bud produced vegetatively on the stem or frond that is capable of breaking of and growing into a new plant.

Bulbils on the frond of Asplenium bulbiferum. Photographer: Jeremy Rolfe

bullate

With rounded projections covering the surface as if blistered.

The blistered leaves of Lophomyrtus bullata (ramarama). Photographer: Tony Foster
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