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falcate

Hooked or curved like a sickle.

Leaves of Prumnopitys ferruginea (mira) curved like a sickle. Photographer: Tony Foster

fastigiate

Branches erect and close to central axis.

Erect branches of Knightia excelsa (rewarewa). Photographer: Tony Foster

fen

A type of wet land that accumulates peat deposits. Fens are less acidic than bogs, deriving most of their water from groundwater rich in calcium and magnesium.

ferrugineous

Rust–like (a colour term).

Rust coloured Pomaderris edgerleyi. Photographer: Tony Foster

fertile frond

Fronds that bear sporangia.

Fertile fronds of Belchnum filiforme with narrow sporangia-bearing pinnae. Photographer: Jeremy Rolfe

filamentous

Resembling a filament.

filiform

Thread like, resembling a filament.

The thread like Gahnia. Photographer: Tony Foster
Filiform leaf shape. Photographer: Illustration by Sue Wickison

filiramulate

Branching at a very wide angle with stiff intertwined stems.

The wide angled branching of Muehlenbeckia astonii (shrubby tororaro). Photographer: Tony Foster

fimbriae

Plural of fimbria: Fringe. A fimbria is composed of many fimbrillae (individual hair-like structures).

Fimbriae on the column arms of the orchid Thelymitra pulchella. Photographer: Jeremy Rolfe

fimbriate

With fringes.

The fringed flowers of Alseuosmia. Photographer: Tony Foster

flabellate

Fan shaped.

Flabellate leaf shape. Photographer: Illustration by Sue Wickison
Flabellate frond of the fern Schizaea dichotoma. Photographer: Jeremy Rolfe

flaccid

Limp, not rigid, flabby.

The limp leaves of Machaerina sinclairii. Photographer: Tony Foster

flange

A projecting rim.

A flange on Agathis australis. Photographer: Tony Foster

flexuose

With curves or bends.

Flexuouse stems of Muehlenbeckia astonii. Photographer: Tony Foster

floccose

Having tufts of soft woolly hairs.

floret

A small flower, usually one of a cluster - the head of a daisy for example.

Floret of Sophora chathamica. Photographer: Tony Foster
Floret of Sophora. Photographer: Tony Foster

foliaceous

Leaf-like.

foliolate

Having leaflets.

The trifoliolate (3 leaflets) leaf of Schizeilema trifoliolatum. Photographer: Jeremy Rolfe

founder effect

When a small number of plants (and therefore their genes) from a larger population are selected some genetic information is lost.

frond

A leaf, the complete leaf of a fern including the stipe and lamina.

The frond of Cyathea dealbata (silver fern). Photographer: Tony Foster

fulvous

Orange–yellow.

The orange-yellow underside of Clematis cunninghamii. Photographer: Tony Foster

funneliform

Funnel-shaped.

Funnel-shaped flowers of Pisonia brunoniana. Photographer: Tony Foster

fusiform

Broadest near the middle and tapering toward both ends.

Fusiform Typha orientalis. Photographer: Tony Foster
Fusiform Typha orientalis. Photographer: Tony Foster
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