Coprosma talbrockiei
Biostatus
Native
Category
Vascular
Structural class
Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons
Simplified description
Very rare ground hugging herb with numerous small very sharp-tipped light green leaves in whorls of three around the soft stem inhabiting Northwestern Nelson. Flowers small, with both male and female parts. Fruit white, covered in rough thin flakes.
Flower colours
Cream
Detailed description
Plant glabrous; stems of leafy twigs to 2 mm diameter, only slightly woody, prostrate, branching freely, rooting at some nodes; internodes mostly shorter than leaf length. Leaves 3 at a node; stipular cup deep, bearing only a single minute denticle in each interpetiolar space, sheath lacking; leaf abscission zone obscure and dead leaves commonly remaining attached to rim of cup; lamina c.5-7 × 1 mm, entire, narrow-elliptic, tapering to long-acuminate tip; midrib only visible vein but reticulation obvious in dead leaves; on proximal nodes lamina often smaller, submembranous, and bract-like. Flower bisexual, solitary, terminal, usually subtended by three unmodified leaves which are very occasionally succeeded by a minute floral bract. Calyx shortly tubular, 0.5-1.5 mm long; lobes 4-6, triangular, apiculate, sometimes almost into a hair. Corolla tube 3-5 mm long, widening above to diameter of 2.5 mm, cream-coloured; lobes 4-7 (not always uniform in a single flower) slightly incurved, inner surface or border papillose. Stamens 4-7, attached to receptacle; filaments white, elongating as flower ages and finally much exceeding corolla, sometimes of different lengths. Anthers 0.8-1.0 mm long, dorsifixed, sometimes slightly tailed; connective dark, apiculate. Style if present, very short; stigmas 2-5, white, to 9 mm long, filiform, very shortly hairy. Ovary c.1.5 mm long, often, though probably not invariably, 3-locular. Fruit c. 5 mm in diameter, globose, crowned by hardened calyx lobes, whitish, the surface rough with scurfy scales formed by rather regular fragmentation of epidermis; mesocarp opaque; pyrenes usually 3, c.2.5 × 1.7 mm.
Similar taxa
Of the New Zealand species Coprosma talbrockiei is most similar to C. atropurpurea (Cockayne et Allan) L.B. Moore. Both species possess stipules with one median tooth only, and that are not ciliate or sheathing; they also lack a definite leaf abscission zone; while the leaves are usually acute to acuminate, and often hair-tipped. Coprosma atropurpurea differs from C. talbrockiei by the leaves which have at least some stiff retrorse hairs (rather than glabrous), thicker, woody rhizomes (rather than very slender, scarcely woody, thread like rhizomes and stems), invariably unisexual rather than bisexual flowers, and translucent, dark red to almost purple-black rather than opaque, white, scurfy fruits.
Distribution
Endemic. New Zealand; South Island (north-west Nelson, mainly in the Gouland Downs and Aorere area, but also on north side of the Buller Catchment)
Habitat
Lowland to subalpine. Usually in sparsely vegetated, open sites overlying granite where it grows on peat, amongst cobbles or within poorly draining impoverished soils, in association with moss cushions, lichen or within Donatia J.R.Forst. et G.Forst. cushions
Current conservation status
The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2022-2023 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) – more information about this can be found on the NZTCS website. This report includes replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Previous assessments can be found here.
Please note, threat classifications are often suggested by authors when publications fall between NZTCS assessment periods – these interim threat classification statuses has not been assessed by the NZTCS panel.
- Conservation status of vascular plants in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2023. 2024. Peter J. de Lange, Jane Gosden, Shannel P. Courtney, Alexander J. Fergus, John W. Barkla, Sarah M. Beadel, Paul D. Champion, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Troy Makan and Pascale Michel Department of Conservation. Source: NZTCS and licensed by DOC for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.
2023 | Threatened – Nationally Endangered | Qualifiers: Sp, RR
Threats
Known from only eight populations. Although the majority of the populations occur within Kahurangi National Park, none of the populations are large, all seem to be experiencing recruitment failure (fruit is produced but seedlings are scarce). Gorse (Ulex europaeus) may pose a threat at some sites.
Detailed taxonomy
Family
Rubiaceae
Synonyms
None (described in 1974)
Taxonomic notes
Probably not a Coprosma. nrDNA ITS and ETS sequences place this species in the Australian endemic genus Durringtonia R.J.F.Hend. et Guymer.
Endemic taxon
Yes
Endemic genus
No
Endemic family
No
Ecology
Flowering
December - April
Fruiting
April - May
Life cycle and dispersal
Fleshy drupes are dispersed by frugivory (Thorsen et al., 2009).
Propagation technique
Difficult. Should not be removed from the wild.
Other information
Plant of the Month
This plant has been featured as a Plant of the Month – see Trilepidea: NZPCN newsletter for August 2011 for the full story.
Etymology
coprosma: From the Greek kopros ‘dung’ and osme ‘smell’, referring to the foul smell of the species, literally ‘dung smell’
Manaaki Whenua Online Interactive Key
NVS code
The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database.
COPTAL
Chromosome number
2n = 44
Previous conservation statuses
2017 | Threatened – Nationally Critical | Qualifiers: DP, RR, Sp
2012 | Threatened – Nationally Critical | Qualifiers: RR, Sp
2009 | Threatened – Nationally Endangered | Qualifiers: RF, RR, Sp
2004 | Range Restricted
Referencing and citations
References and further reading
Moore, L.B.; Mason, R. 1974: Coprosma talbrockiei sp. nov. and Allied Creeping Species (Rubiaceae). New Zealand Journal of Botany 12: 137-48.
Thorsen, M. J.; Dickinson, K. J. M.; Seddon, P. J. 2009. Seed dispersal systems in the New Zealand flora. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 11: 285-309
Attribution
Description adapted from Moore and Mason (1974)