Gentianella stellata
Common name
Ultramafic gentian
Synonyms
None (first described in 2004)
Family
Gentianaceae
Flora category
Vascular – Native
Endemic taxon
Yes
Endemic genus
No
Endemic family
No
Structural class
Herbs - Dicotyledons other than Composites
Current conservation status
The conservation status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2017 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) – more information about this can be found on the NZTCS website. This report includes a statistical summary and brief notes on changes since 2012 and replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants.
Please note, threat classifications are often suggested by authors when publications fall between NZTCS assessment periods – an interim threat classification status has not been assessed by the NZTCS panel.
- Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017 . 2018. Peter J. de Lange, Jeremy R. Rolfe, John W. Barkla, Shannel P. Courtney, Paul D. Champion, Leon R. Perrie, Sarah M. Beadel, Kerry A. Ford, Ilse Breitwieser, Ines Schönberger, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Peter B. Heenan and Kate Ladley. Department of Conservation. Source: NZTCS and licensed by DOC for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.
2017 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: RR
Previous conservation statuses
2012 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: RR
2009 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon
2004 | Range Restricted
Distribution
Endemic. New Zealand: South Island (Nelson DUrville Island, Bryant Range, Dun Mountain, Mt Starveall, Red Hills (Richmond Range).
Habitat
Montane Leptospermum scoparium and Lepidosperma australe shrubland and scrub on ultramafic soils.
Features
Plants monocarpic, biennial, height in flower 180-730 mm. Caudex unbranched or branched with branches short, c. 30 mm long. Root 1.8–6.0 mm diameter at stem base. Flowering stems terminal only or terminal and lateral, 1–6 per plant, largest flowering stem 1.7–5.4 mm diam. at base, stem colour green or tinted crimson, purple-black, or bronze, lateral flowering stems erect when present, flowering stem leaves 3–6 pairs per stem, lowest pedicels from near base of flowering stem or halfway up flowering stem or near apex of flowering stem. Rosette of leaves present and distinct from flowering stem leaves, leaves narrowly elliptic or elliptic, 12.0–100.0 × 3.7–19.0 mm wide, green or tinted crimson, purple-black, or bronze, flat or slightly to strongly channelled, recurved; leaf apex acute or rounded; petiole absent, leaf 2.9–5.7 mm wide at base. Flowering stem leaves similar to rosette leaves but smaller, ovate, strongly recurved and channelled. Pedicels 1 or 2 per leaf axil, 3–45 mm long (those from low on the flowering stem very long), 0.75–1.5 mm diameter. Flowers 11–59 per plant, 14–29 mm long. Calyx 6.0–13 mm long, green or crimson, hairs at calyx–corolla fusion line absent or present; lobes 3.8–8.2 mm long, 1.5–3.0 mm wide at base, recurved, apices acute, margins smooth or minutely denticulate, sinus hairs few. Corolla (10–)13–23 mm long, white, veins uncoloured; tube 3.0–6.3 mm long; lobes 11.5–19 mm long, 6.3–9.5 mm wide, hairs below sinus few or absent; nectary 1.7–2.7 mm from corolla base. Filaments 5.9–10.6 mm long from corolla base, 0.6–1.2 mm wide. Anthers 1.7–3.1 mm long, anther wall yellow or blue-black, mouth yellow, extrorse at anthesis. Stigma colourless or slightly tinted blue. Ovules 18–68 per ovary, ovary turning purple in maturity. Capsule 11.5–21 mm long.
Similar taxa
Closely related to Gentianella tenuifolia but G. stellata is distinguished by its restriction to ultramafic substrates, by the central flowering stem and unbranched caudex, and by the large white flowers with yellow anthers. The leaves are recurved, strongly channelled, and thick in texture, as are the flowering stem leaves.
Flowering
March – August
Flower colours
White, Yellow
Fruiting
April – September
Life cycle
Seeds dispersed by ballistic projection, wind and water (Thorsen et al., 2009)
Propagation technique
Difficult. Should not be removed from the wild.
Threats
A naturally uncommon, range restricted endemic which is sparse to locally abundant within its montane ultramafic rock habitat.
Etymology
gentianella: Little Gentiana (named after Gentius, 6th century king of Illyria, who found the roots of the yellow gentian to have a healing effect on his malaria-stricken troops)
stellata: With spreading star-like rays,starry
Where To Buy
Not commercially available.
Attribution
Fact Sheet for NZPCN prepared by P.J. de Lange (1 November 2004). Description modified from Glenny (2004).
References and further reading
Glenny, D. 2004: A revision of the genus Gentianella in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 42: 361-530.
Thorsen, M. J.; Dickinson, K. J. M.; Seddon, P. J. 2009: Seed dispersal systems in the New Zealand flora. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 11: 285-309.