Leptinella maniototo
Synonyms
Cotula maniototo Petrie
Family
Asteraceae
Flora category
Vascular – Native
Endemic taxon
Yes
Endemic genus
No
Endemic family
No
Structural class
Herbs - Dicotyledonous composites
NVS code
The National Vegetation Survey (NVS) Databank is a physical archive and electronic databank containing records of over 94,000 vegetation survey plots - including data from over 19,000 permanent plots. NVS maintains a standard set of species code abbreviations that correspond to standard scientific plant names from the Ngä Tipu o Aotearoa - New Zealand Plants database.
LEPMAN
Chromosome number
2n = 52
Current conservation status
The threat classification status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2017 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) – more information about this can be found on the NZTCS website This report includes a statistical summary and brief notes on changes since 2012 and replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Authors: By Peter J. de Lange, Jeremy R. Rolfe, John W. Barkla, Shannel P. Courtney, Paul D. Champion, Leon R. Perrie, Sarah M. Beadel, Kerry A. Ford, Ilse Breitwieser, Ines Schönberger, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Peter B. Heenan and Kate Ladley. Please note, threat classifications are often suggested by authors when publications fall between NZTCS assessment periods – a suggested threat classification status has not been assessed by the NZTCS panel.
Source: NZTCS and licensed by DOC for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.
2018 | At Risk – Relict
Previous conservation statuses
2017 | At Risk – Relict
2012 | Not Threatened
2009 | Data Deficient
2004 | Not Threatened
Distribution
Endemic. North Island, Lake Wairarapa only (where now believed extinct), South Island, mainly eastern from southern Marlborough to Central Otago and Lake Te Anau.
Habitat
Lowland to upper montane at least (0-1000 m a.s.l.), growing around lake, slow flowing stream, tarn, and kettlehole margins, and also in damp seepages and hollows within tussock grassland. It favours ephemeral wetlands and sites subject to seasonal flooding and drying episodes.
Wetland plant indicator status rating
Information derived from the revised national wetland plant list prepared to assist councils in delineating and monitoring wetlands (Clarkson et al., 2021 Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research Contract Report LC3975 for Hawke’s Bay Regional Council). The national plant list categorises plants by the extent to which they are found in wetlands and not ‘drylands’. The indicator status ratings are OBL (obligate wetland), FACW (facultative wetland), FAC (facultative), FACU (facultative upland), and UPL (obligate upland).
FACW: Facultative Wetland
Usually is a hydrophyte but occasionally found in uplands (non-wetlands).
Features
Monoecious, inconspicuous, perennial or annual herb forming loose patches or low matted turfs around tarn, lake, seepage or stream margins. Rhizomes at or near soil surface, slender up to 1 mm diameter, usually hidden within leaves, initially somewhat villous, maturing wiry and glabrous; branches similar to short shoots; leaves crowded, in two rows, more or less horizontal with up to 10 clustered at apex, imbricate ot spaced up to 4 mm apart; short shoots at nodes, initially bearing a few reduced leaves, often converting to rhizomes with distant leaves. Sometimes short shoots forming small bulbil like turions, these shedding, givign rise to further plants. Roots numerous, slender, up to 0.5 mm diameter, white. Leaves variable, 2-25 x 2 mm long grass-green to purple-red; blade up to 20 mm long, 1-pinnatifid, lanceolate or oblong, or during winter (or sometimes during summer) simple, linear and 0.5 mm wide, membranous, glabrous or covered in dense to sparse silky white villous hairs; midrib not raised on ventral surface; pinnae 0, or as 1-2 minute lobes, or as up to 6 distinct pairs, distant, subequal, shorter than terminal lobe, linear, much narrower than rhachis, edentate. Peduncles very short up to 1 mm long, ebracteate. Capitula subsessile, 2-3 mm diameter; surface convex; involucre campanulate; phyllaries 10, subequally uni- or biseriate, green or purple-red, oblong, membranous, sparsely to densely villous, with a wide brown, reddish-brown or purple-green scarious margin; pistillate florets 15-20 in 1-2 rows, 2 mm long, straight, pale yellow and red-tipped; corolla 4x as long as wide, dentition equal; staminate florets equal in number. Cypsela 1 x 0.3 mm, initially green maturing chocolate brown, biconvex, slightly compressed, soft and unwrinkled.
Similar taxa
None - the narrow linear leaves bearing up to 6 pairs of simply, linear edentate pinnae, heterophyllus habit (distinct winter and summer foliage types), and vivaporous nature of at least some populations are unique to this species. It has no obvious close relatives within the New Zealand members of the genus.
Flowering
November - February
Flower colours
Green, Yellow
Fruiting
December - May
Life cycle
Papery cypselae are dispersed by wind and possibly attachment (Thorsen et al., 2009).
Propagation technique
Easily grown from rooted pieces and fresh seed. This species makes an unusual and singular plant for a rockery or damp spot. However, it can prove short-lived and dislikes too much competition.
Threats
Not threatened throughout much of its South Island range, but it has apparently gone extinct in the North Island at its sole known location Lake Wairarapa. This species, like many diminutive plants of ephemeral wetlands, is extremely susceptible to being out-competed by taller and more aggressive introduced grasses and flatweeds which are now spreading throughout much its habitat. To gauge this decline it is recommended that some South Island populations spanning its range be selected and monitored.
Etymology
leptinella: From the Greek word leptos (meaning slender, thin or delicate), referring to the ovary
maniototo: Named after the Maniototo Plain in Central Otago, from the contracted Maori name manaio-o-toto. This name come from mania ‘plain’ and toto ‘blood’, meaning plain of blood. The location name is spelled variously maniototo and maniatoto, the latter being approved by the New Zealand Geographic Board.
Where To Buy
Occasionally sold by specialist native plant nurseries.
Taxanomic notes
Not very commonly grown. However, the species epithet has stuck as “Maniototo” a misnomer used for the diverse array of Leptinella hybrids and forms of L. traillii (Kirk) D.G.Lloyd et C.J.Webb grown widely for Bowling Greens - all under the mistaken belief that they are L. (Cotula) maniototo
Attribution
Fact sheet prepared for NZPCN by P.J. de Lange 31 August 2006. Description from Lloyd (1972) - as Cotula maniototo.
References and further reading
Lloyd, D.G. 1972: A revision of the New Zealand, Subantarctic, and South American species of Cotula, section Leptinella. New Zealand Journal of Botany 10: 277-372.
Reed, A. W. 2002: The Reed Dictionary of New Zealand Place Names. Reed Publishing. Auckland.
Thorsen, M.J.; Dickinson, K.J.M.; Seddon, P.J. 2009: Seed dispersal systems in the New Zealand flora. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 11: 285-309.
NZPCN Fact Sheet citation
Please cite as: de Lange, P.J. (Year at time of access): Leptinella maniototo Fact Sheet (content continuously updated). New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/leptinella-maniototo/ (Date website was queried)