Veronica phormiiphila
Common name
hebe
Synonyms
Veronica salicifolia var. paludosa Cockayne, Hebe salicifolia var. paludosa (Cockayne) Cockayne et Allan, Hebe paludosa (Cockayne) D.A.Norton et de Lange
Family
Plantaginaceae
Flora category
Vascular – Native
Endemic taxon
Yes
Endemic genus
No
Endemic family
No
Structural class
Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons
Chromosome number
2n = 80
Current conservation status
The threat classification status of all known New Zealand vascular plant taxa at the rank of species and below were reassessed in 2017 using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS) – more information about this can be found on the NZTCS website This report includes a statistical summary and brief notes on changes since 2012 and replaces all previous NZTCS lists for vascular plants. Authors: By Peter J. de Lange, Jeremy R. Rolfe, John W. Barkla, Shannel P. Courtney, Paul D. Champion, Leon R. Perrie, Sarah M. Beadel, Kerry A. Ford, Ilse Breitwieser, Ines Schönberger, Rowan Hindmarsh-Walls, Peter B. Heenan and Kate Ladley. Please note, threat classifications are often suggested by authors when publications fall between NZTCS assessment periods – a suggested threat classification status has not been assessed by the NZTCS panel.
Source: NZTCS and licensed by DOC for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.
2017 | Not Threatened
Previous conservation statuses
2012 | Not Threatened
2009 | Not Threatened
2004 | Not Threatened
Brief description
Bushy shrub bearing pairs of narrow pointed leaves and long white flower spikes inhabiting West Coast wetlands. Twigs hairy. Leaves to 86mm long by 14mm wide, gradually tapering to tip, margin hairy (lens needed). Leaf bud with small gap at base. Flowers white, narrow, in spikes to 19cm long.
Distribution
Endemic to Westland and northwest Otago, South Island, from the Grey Valley in the north to Big Bay in the south.
Habitat
It usually grows in lowland, mesotrophic wetlands.
Wetland plant indicator status rating
Information derived from the revised national wetland plant list prepared to assist councils in delineating and monitoring wetlands (Clarkson et al., 2021 Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research Contract Report LC3975 for Hawke’s Bay Regional Council). The national plant list categorises plants by the extent to which they are found in wetlands and not ‘drylands’. The indicator status ratings are OBL (obligate wetland), FACW (facultative wetland), FAC (facultative), FACU (facultative upland), and UPL (obligate upland).
FACW: Facultative Wetland
Usually is a hydrophyte but occasionally found in uplands (non-wetlands).
Features
Bushy shrub to 5 m tall. Branches erect, old stems red-brown; branchlets green or red-brown, puberulent, hairs uniform (mostly) or bifarious; internodes 6-26 mm; leaf decurrencies obscure. Leaf bud distinct; sinus square to oblong, or small and rounded. Leaves erecto-patent (mostly) to patent (with age); lamina linear-lanceolate (mostly) or linear-elliptic, subcoriaceous, slightly m-shaped in transverse section, 30-86 x 5.5-11 (-14) mm; apex acuminate; brochidodromous secondary veins evident in fresh leaves; margin cartilaginous, minutely pubescent (with eglandular and sometimes glandular hairs), distantly denticulate or entire; upper surface dark green or yellowish-green, dull, with few stomata (not readily visible in fresh leaves), hairy along midrib and sometimes covered with minute glandular hairs (but these hairs usually not readily visible, even at high magnification); lower surface light green, hairy along midrib; petiole (1-) 2-3 (-4) mm, hairy along margins and above and below. Inflorescences with approximately 100-150 flowers, lateral, unbranched (one aberrant inflorescence seen with a single branch at base), 9.3-19 cm; peduncle 1.8-4cm, hairy (sometimes very sparsely); rachis 7.5-15 cm. Bracts alternate, linear or narrowly deltoid, subacute or acuminate, sometimes hairy outside (especially lowermost). Flowers hermaphrodite. Pedicels longer than or equal to bracts, (1-) 2-4 (-5) mm, sometimes recurved in fruit. Calyx (1.5-) 2-3 (-3.5) mm; lobes ovate or lanceolate or oblong or deltoid, obtuse to acute or acuminate. Corolla tube hairy inside and sometimes outside (around base of corolla lobes), 2.3-3.5 x 1.9-2.1 mm, shortly cylindric, longer than (usually) or equalling calyx; lobes white or tinged mauve at anthesis, lanceolate, obtuse or subacute, erect to suberect, longer than corolla tube, sometimes with a few hairs toward base on inner surface. Stamen filaments diverging with age (but probably erect for some time after anthesis), 6.5-8.5 mm; anthers purple or blue, 1.7-2.2 mm. Ovary sometimes sparsely hairy (especially near apex), 0.8-1.1 mm; ovules 12-16 per locule, in 1-2 layers; style 7-7.5 mm, sometimes sparsely hairy. Capsules obtuse or truncate or subacute, 3-4 x 2-2.5 mm, sometimes hairy, loculicidal split extending ¼-½-way to base. Seeds flattened (sometimes strongly), ellipsoid to discoid, not winged to only weakly winged, straw-yellow to pale brown, 0.8-1.3 x (0.6-) 0.7-1.1 mm, micropylar rim 0.2-0.3 mm.
Similar taxa
A recently recognised species (Norton & de Lange 1998) based on \/. salicifolia var. paludosa (Cockayne 1916). It was included in Hebe salicifolia by Moore (in Allan 1961), but with the suggestion that it might be a hybrid between that species and H. gracillima (now V. leiophylla). It is generally distinguished from V. salicifolia, with which it co-occurs, by its narrower, more evenly tapered leaves, conspicuously hairy branchlets (although branchlets of V. salicifolia vary from glabrous to bifariously or uniformly hairy), usual wetland habitat, and chromosome number (2n = 80, rather than 40). Differences from V. leiophylla are less clear-cut. V. phormiiphila generally has longer and more tapered leaves than V. leiophylla, but that species sometimes has similar leaves, and some short-leaved specimens of V. phormiiphila (e.g. CANU 35236) are scarcely different from many specimens of V. leiophylla. Because of the similarity between V. phormiiphila and V. leiophylla, defining the northern limit of the former (and southwest limit of the latter) is difficult, and requires further assessment.
Flowering
January (-March)
Flower colours
White
Fruiting
March-May
Life cycle
Seeds are wind dispersed (Thorsen et al., 2009).
Etymology
veronica: Named after Saint Veronica, who gave Jesus her veil to wipe his brow as he carried the cross through Jerusalem, perhaps because the common name of this plant is ‘speedwell’. The name Veronica is often believed to derive from the Latin vera ‘truth’ and iconica ‘image’, but it is actually derived from the Macedonian name Berenice which means ‘bearer of victory’.
Taxonomic notes
In Bayly & Kellow (2006) the same northern limit is given for V. phormiiphila as Norton & de Lange (1998) but refer plants from some nearby localities to V. leiophylla. Limited study of leaf flavonoids (Mitchell et al. 2007) suggests that V. phormiiphila has a profile distinguished from, but roughly intermediate between, those of V. leiophylla and V. salicifolia. The possibilities that V. phormiiphila is recently derived from V. leiophylla or V. salicifolia, might be a stable hybrid between them, or may intergrade with one or other of them (particularly V. leiophylla, as suggested by Wardle 1975, using the name H. gracillima), are worthy of further investigation.
Attribution
Description adapted by M. Ward from Bayly & Kellow (2006).
References and further reading
Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand. Vol. 1. Wellington: Government Printer.
Bayly, M.J., Kellow, A.V. 2006. An illustrated guide to New Zealand Hebes. Wellington, N.Z.: Te Papa press pg. 270.
Cockayne, L. 1916. Notes on New Zealand floristic botany, including descriptions of new species, &c. (No. 1). Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 48: 193-202.
Mitchell, K. A., Kellow, A. V., Bayly, M. J., Markham, K. R., Brownsey, P. J., & Garnock‐Jones, P. J. 2007. Composition and distribution of leaf flavonoids in Hebe and Leonohebe (Plantaginaceae) in New Zealand—2. “Apertae”, “Occlusae”, and “Grandiflorae”. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 45(2), 329-392.
Norton, D. A. and de Lange, P.J. 1998. Hebe paludosa (Scrophulariaceae) - a new combination for an endemic wetland Hebe from Westland, South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 36:531-8.
Thorsen, M. J.; Dickinson, K. J. M.; Seddon, P. J. 2009. Seed dispersal systems in the New Zealand flora. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 11: 285-309
Wardle, P. 1975. Vascular plants of Westland National Park (New Zealand) and neighbouring lowland and coastal areas. New Zealand Journal of Botany 13: 497-545.
NZPCN Fact Sheet citation
Please cite as: Ward, M.D. (Year at time of access): Veronica phormiiphila Fact Sheet (content continuously updated). New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/veronica-phormiiphila/ (Date website was queried)